Can physical exercise enhance memory?

In general, physical exercise can enhance memory, especially regular low-to-moderate intensity aerobic activities, which indirectly improve memory by enhancing brain function. The specific analysis is as follows:

The beneficial effects of physical exercise on memory are mainly achieved through three mechanisms: First, during exercise, accelerated blood circulation delivers more oxygen and glucose to the brain, improving cerebral blood flow and oxygen supply. Since the hippocampus—the brain region critical for memory—is highly sensitive to oxygen levels, adequate oxygenation enhances neural activity in this area, facilitating memory encoding and storage. Second, exercise promotes the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a substance that supports the growth and repair of neurons and strengthens synaptic connections, thereby improving the brain's efficiency in processing and storing information. Third, regular physical activity helps reduce anxiety and improve sleep quality; both anxiety and poor sleep directly impair memory function, so exercise indirectly protects memory by alleviating these negative factors.

Short-term, high-intensity exercise may temporarily impair attention due to excessive physical fatigue, but long-term engagement in low-to-moderate intensity activities such as walking, jogging, or swimming provides more stable and consistent benefits for memory enhancement.

It is recommended to engage in at least 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, adjusting intensity according to individual physical condition. This not only improves overall physical health but also supports memory enhancement, making it particularly suitable for individuals with memory improvement needs, such as students and older adults.