What are the early symptoms of uterine cancer?

In general, uterine cancer mainly includes endometrial cancer and cervical cancer. Both share some common early symptoms, but also have differences. Early signs may include abnormal vaginal bleeding, abnormal vaginal discharge, dull lower abdominal pain or a sensation of heaviness, increased leukorrhea (vaginal discharge), and mild pain after sexual intercourse. The details are as follows:

1. Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding

Early-stage endometrial cancer often presents as irregular vaginal bleeding after menopause; in premenopausal women, it may manifest as prolonged menstrual periods, heavier menstrual flow, or intermenstrual bleeding. In early cervical cancer, bleeding often occurs after sexual intercourse or following a gynecological examination, usually in small amounts.

2. Abnormal Vaginal Discharge

In early endometrial cancer, discharge may be thin, blood-tinged, or serous, gradually increasing in volume. Foul-smelling, purulent, or bloody discharge typically appears only in advanced stages. In early cervical cancer, discharge is often white or blood-tinged, watery or rice-water-like, and may have a slight odor.

3. Dull Lower Abdominal Pain or Sensation of Heaviness

In the early stages of both endometrial and cervical cancer, if the tumor stimulates uterine contractions or slightly compresses surrounding tissues, it may cause persistent dull pain or a feeling of pressure in the lower abdomen. The pain is usually mild and tends to worsen after physical exertion or menstruation. It can easily be misdiagnosed as pelvic inflammatory disease or dysmenorrhea.

4. Increased Leukorrhea

In postmenopausal women, vaginal discharge is normally minimal or absent. A sudden increase in discharge, especially if mixed with blood streaks—even without obvious pain—should raise high suspicion for endometrial or cervical cancer.

5. Mild Pain After Sexual Intercourse

Some women with early cervical cancer may experience mild lower abdominal pain or vaginal discomfort during sex due to friction or impact on tumor tissue. This differs from the normal mild soreness after intercourse and often presents as brief sharp pain or persistent dull ache, possibly accompanied by minor contact bleeding.

If any of the above symptoms occur, prompt consultation with a gynecologist is recommended. Diagnosis can be confirmed through gynecological ultrasound, cervical TCT + HPV testing, and pathological biopsy. Maintaining a positive mindset in daily life is beneficial for overall health and recovery.