Can oral leukoplakia heal on its own?

Mild, non-proliferative oral leukoplakia caused by local irritation may resolve spontaneously after removal of the irritant. However, proliferative leukoplakia, lesions with epithelial dysplasia, or cases with unknown causes typically do not heal on their own. If discomfort occurs, prompt medical evaluation is necessary to avoid treatment delays.

If oral leukoplakia results from long-term smoking, alcohol consumption, betel nut chewing, or mucosal irritation due to tooth remnants or ill-fitting dental restorations, and if the lesion is small and shows no thickening or induration, the mucosa may gradually return to normal after complete elimination of these irritants. A period of 3–6 months of observation is generally recommended, with regular follow-up examinations during this time.

However, proliferative leukoplakia—characterized by thickened lesions with a rough surface—or cases in which histopathological examination reveals epithelial dysplasia or even signs of malignant transformation—are unlikely to regress spontaneously, even after removing the causative factors. Without timely intervention, such lesions may progressively worsen and carry an increased risk of malignant transformation. These cases require medical treatment or surgical excision under physician guidance, along with long-term follow-up monitoring.

In daily care, avoid consuming spicy or excessively hot foods to minimize mucosal irritation. Maintain good oral hygiene by brushing teeth twice daily, rinsing after meals, and undergoing regular oral examinations.