脚冻肿了怎么消肿、止疼

Generally, swollen feet due to cold exposure may result from poor blood circulation in the feet, inadequate foot warmth, mild chilblains, moderate chilblains, or severe chilblains. It is recommended to seek medical attention promptly, identify the underlying cause, and then improve the condition under a doctor's guidance through general treatments, medications, etc. Specific analyses are as follows:

1. Poor blood circulation in the feet: The feet are located at the extremities of the body, with relatively narrow blood vessels and slow blood flow. In cold environments, blood can easily stagnate, leading to swelling and pain in the feet. Soaking feet in warm water can help promote blood circulation—15–20 minutes per session. After soaking, dry the feet thoroughly and wear loose socks.

2. Inadequate foot warmth: Not wearing sufficiently warm shoes and socks, or wearing damp footwear, causes rapid heat loss from the feet and a sudden drop in skin temperature, resulting in swelling and pain. It is important to change into dry, warm cotton shoes and wool socks. Wear protective foot covers when going outdoors and avoid prolonged exposure to cold environments to reduce heat loss from the feet.

3. Mild chilblains: When skin on the feet is exposed to low temperatures, blood vessels first constrict and then dilate, causing local redness, itching, and mild pain. Patients should apply medicated ointments such as chilblain cream, heparin sodium cream, or vitamin E cream to the affected area as directed by a physician to relieve redness, swelling, and discomfort.

4. Moderate chilblains: As chilblains worsen, redness and swelling spread over a larger area of the foot, hard nodules form, pain becomes more noticeable, and itching intensifies upon warming. Under medical supervision, medications such as nifedipine tablets, dipyridamole tablets, or nicotinamide tablets may be used to improve local blood circulation and reduce swelling and pain.

5. Severe chilblains: Blisters appear on the skin of the feet, which may rupture, and in serious cases lead to tissue necrosis. Pain is intense and normal walking is affected. Ruptured areas should first be disinfected. Mupirocin ointment may be used as prescribed to prevent infection. If tissue necrosis occurs, surgical debridement (removal of dead tissue) is required to eliminate necrotic tissue and promote wound healing.

In daily life, pay attention to keeping feet warm by choosing breathable and insulating footwear and socks, and avoiding moisture. Before bedtime, massage the feet, using stroking motions from the toes toward the ankle to enhance blood circulation. Diet-wise, consume adequate protein and vitamin-rich foods to strengthen the body’s resistance to cold and reduce the likelihood of cold-induced foot swelling.