What should I do if a sublingual gland cyst ruptures?

Under normal circumstances, rupture of a sublingual gland cyst may be caused by external trauma, injury from food, secondary bacterial infection, repeated rupture leading to thickening of the cyst wall, or worsening saliva retention. Depending on the specific situation, emergency management, medication, or surgical treatment can be chosen to improve the condition. Detailed analysis is as follows:

1. External Trauma

If the oral cavity suffers external impact—such as from falling or hitting a hard object—the sublingual gland cyst may be directly compressed and ruptured. Immediately apply sterile gauze or a cotton swab to press and stop bleeding, rinse the mouth with warm saline solution, avoid forceful swallowing, and temporarily consume lukewarm liquid foods.

2. Injury from Food

Consuming sharp or hard foods—such as fish bones or nut shells—can scratch the surface of the cyst wall, causing rupture. Stop eating sharp foods, rinse the mouth with clean water, choose soft and easy-to-swallow foods, and avoid irritating the damaged area.

3. Secondary Bacterial Infection

After cyst rupture, oral bacteria may invade the damaged site, triggering local inflammation accompanied by redness, swelling, and pain. Under medical guidance, antibiotics such as amoxicillin capsules, cefuroxime axetil tablets, or metronidazole tablets may be taken. Additionally, use compound chlorhexidine mouthwash to maintain oral hygiene.

4. Cyst Wall Thickening Due to Repeated Rupture

Repeated cyst rupture leads to recurrent repair and thickening of the cyst wall, impairing healing and increasing the risk of re-rupture. Medical consultation is required for surgical removal of the sublingual gland and cyst, ensuring complete excision of the affected tissue. Postoperatively, follow medical advice to take antibiotics to prevent infection and avoid vigorous swallowing movements.

5. Worsening Saliva Retention

After cyst rupture, continuous saliva secretion accumulates at the injured site, promoting recurrent cyst formation and symptom exacerbation. Prompt medical attention is needed for cyst excision surgery. After surgery, maintain good oral hygiene, avoid spicy and irritating foods, and promote wound healing.

Routine precautions include avoiding oral trauma, chewing slowly and thoroughly during meals, and refraining from consuming sharp or hard foods. Maintain oral cleanliness by brushing teeth twice daily and rinsing after meals. Seek timely medical care upon detecting a sublingual gland cyst to prevent repeated rupture. After surgery, attend regular follow-up visits to monitor wound healing and prevent complications.