What causes tumors to grow on the face?

In general, facial tumors may be caused by excessive sebaceous gland secretion, prolonged ultraviolet (UV) exposure, sebaceous cysts, lipomas, or pleomorphic adenomas of the parotid gland. Depending on the specific situation, patients can improve their condition through conservative management, medication, surgical treatment, or other approaches. Detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Excessive Sebaceous Gland Secretion

During puberty or due to hormonal changes, increased sebum production in facial sebaceous glands, combined with poor sebum drainage, can lead to accumulation and formation of benign tumor-like nodules. It is recommended to cleanse the face daily with a gentle facial cleanser, avoid frequent squeezing, reduce intake of high-sugar and high-fat foods, and maintain regular sleep patterns to minimize excessive sebum secretion.

2. Prolonged UV Radiation

Long-term sun exposure can cause UV radiation to stimulate abnormal proliferation of facial skin cells, potentially leading to benign tumors. Apply sunscreen when going outdoors, wear sun-protective hats, or use umbrellas to reduce direct UV exposure, and regularly monitor changes in facial skin.

3. Sebaceous Cyst

Obstruction of sebaceous gland ducts on the face leads to sebum accumulation and cyst formation, typically presenting as round masses. If there is no infection, observation may be sufficient. If redness, swelling, or pain occurs, topical medications such as mupirocin ointment, fusidic acid cream, or compound polymyxin B ointment may be used under medical guidance. After inflammation subsides, surgical excision of the sebaceous cyst may be performed.

4. Lipoma

A lipoma results from abnormal proliferation of fat tissue in the face, usually soft in texture and mobile. Small, asymptomatic lipomas may not require treatment. If the lipoma affects appearance or increases in size, surgical removal of the facial lipoma can be considered. Postoperatively, keep the wound clean and prevent infection.

5. Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Parotid Gland

The parotid gland is located in the cheek area. Pleomorphic adenomas are composed of glandular and connective tissues and are mostly benign. Medical evaluation with ultrasound is necessary for definitive diagnosis. The primary treatment is surgical removal of the pleomorphic adenoma. Postoperative care includes taking antibiotics such as cefuroxime axetil tablets, amoxicillin capsules, or clindamycin hydrochloride capsules as prescribed to prevent infection, and avoiding vigorous chewing movements.

Daily care should focus on facial skin hygiene to prevent blockages, adequate sun protection to minimize external irritation, and avoiding self-treatment of facial lumps. Seek timely medical evaluation to determine the nature of any growth. After surgery, follow medical instructions for wound care, attend regular follow-up visits to ensure proper healing, and maintain a light diet to promote wound recovery.