What are the common toxins that cause aplastic anemia?

Common toxins that can cause aplastic anemia generally include benzene and its derivatives, chloramphenicol, organophosphorus pesticides, arsenic and its compounds, formaldehyde, etc. The detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Benzene and its derivatives: commonly found in paints, adhesives, and dyes, these substances can enter the human body through the respiratory tract or skin. They can damage bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells and inhibit cell proliferation. Long-term exposure may lead to bone marrow failure and result in aplastic anemia.

2. Chloramphenicol: once widely used as an antibiotic, its clinical use has now decreased. It can directly damage bone marrow hematopoietic tissue and impair blood cell production. In some individuals, it may cause irreversible suppression of hematopoiesis, leading to the development of aplastic anemia.

3. Organophosphorus pesticides: commonly used in agriculture as insecticides, these can enter the body through the skin, respiratory tract, or digestive tract. These toxins interfere with normal bone marrow hematopoiesis, disrupt the hematopoietic microenvironment, reduce blood cell production, and in severe cases, induce aplastic anemia.

4. Arsenic and its compounds: present in ores, pesticides, and cosmetics. Arsenic accumulates in the bone marrow, damaging hematopoietic stem cells and the hematopoietic microenvironment, and inhibiting the production of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Long-term exposure increases the risk of developing aplastic anemia.

5. Formaldehyde: commonly found in building materials and furniture, primarily inhaled through the respiratory tract. Formaldehyde is highly irritating and can impair bone marrow hematopoietic function, affecting the maturation and release of blood cells. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations may increase the risk of developing aplastic anemia.

To prevent aplastic anemia, long-term exposure to the above-mentioned toxins should be avoided. Individuals working in related industries should take proper protective measures. If symptoms such as fatigue, bleeding, or infections occur, prompt medical evaluation is recommended. Once diagnosed, patients should immediately discontinue exposure to the causative toxins, actively cooperate with treatment, and undergo regular monitoring of complete blood counts and bone marrow function.