头皮裂伤处理措施有哪些

Measures for managing scalp lacerations include immediate pressure to stop bleeding, cleaning the skin around the wound, timely debridement and suturing, administration of tetanus antitoxin, and monitoring changes in condition. Proper management can reduce bleeding, prevent infection, and lower the risk of complications. If any physical discomfort occurs, it is recommended to seek medical attention promptly.

1. Immediate pressure to stop bleeding: Press the wound firmly with a clean gauze or towel using moderate, continuous pressure for 5–10 minutes. Avoid frequently lifting the dressing to check the wound. If bleeding is heavy, apply firmer pressure as needed to prevent excessive blood loss. This is the first and most critical step in managing a scalp laceration.

2. Clean the skin around the wound: After stopping the bleeding, gently wipe the surrounding skin with normal saline or clean water to remove dirt, dust, and other contaminants. Avoid allowing cleaning solutions to enter the wound to minimize bacterial contamination from external sources.

3. Timely debridement and suturing: For deep wounds, those with persistent bleeding, or lacerations longer than 1 cm, medical professionals should perform debridement—removing dead tissue—and then suture the wound. This promotes healing and reduces the risks of infection and scar formation.

4. Administer tetanus antitoxin: Regardless of wound depth, if the wound is contaminated or caused by contact with rusty objects, tetanus antitoxin should be administered within 24 hours to prevent infection by *Clostridium tetani* and ensure safe wound recovery.

5. Monitor changes in condition: After treatment, closely observe the wound for signs of redness, swelling, discharge, or increasing pain. Also watch for symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, or altered consciousness, which may indicate intracranial injury or infection, and require prompt medical evaluation.

In daily care, keep the wound and surrounding skin dry, avoid scratching the wound, change dressings as instructed, consume adequate protein and vitamins through diet, and ensure sufficient rest to support proper wound healing.