骨髓增生异常综合征遗传吗
Nov 04, 2025
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Chen Jian
Introduction
In general, myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are mostly not inherited, although a small number of specific types may have a genetic predisposition; the exact risk depends on the disease subtype. If there is a family history of similar conditions, regular blood tests and other examinations should be performed to monitor hematopoietic function. Additionally, avoiding exposure to harmful substances and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help reduce the risk of developing MDS.
In general, myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are mostly not inherited. Only a small number of special types show a genetic predisposition, and specific determination should be based on the disease subtype. The detailed analysis is as follows:
From the perspective of pathogenesis, the vast majority of MDS cases are sporadic and primarily triggered by acquired factors, such as prolonged exposure to chemicals, radiation, viral infections, or age-related mutations in hematopoietic stem cells. These factors do not pass through genes to the next generation, so there is no significant genetic risk.
However, a few rare subtypes, such as familial myelodysplastic syndrome, are associated with specific gene mutations that may be transmitted within families, leading to a higher probability of affected relatives developing the disease compared to the general population. Nevertheless, these hereditary cases account for an extremely low proportion—less than 5%—of all MDS cases. Therefore, excessive concern about genetic transmission in daily life is generally unnecessary.
If there is a family history of similar diseases, regular blood tests and other examinations can be performed to monitor hematopoietic function. Additionally, avoiding exposure to harmful substances and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help reduce the risk of developing MDS.
