What are the surgical treatment methods for pediatric hernia?

　　Surgical treatments for pediatric hernia include laparoscopic high ligation of the hernial sac, traditional open high ligation of the hernial sac, laparoscopy-assisted open surgery, hernia repair (with mesh), and single-port laparoscopic high ligation of the hernial sac. The choice depends on the child's age, type of hernia, and overall health condition. If a child shows signs of hernia incarceration or persistent crying, immediate medical attention is recommended.

　　1. Laparoscopic high ligation of the hernial sac: This is a minimally invasive procedure where instruments are inserted through small incisions to ligate and cut off the hernial sac within the abdominal cavity. It causes minimal trauma, little bleeding, rapid postoperative recovery, and leaves inconspicuous scars. It is suitable for most cases of pediatric inguinal hernia and umbilical hernia.

　　2. Traditional open high ligation of the hernial sac: A small incision is made at the site of the hernia, the hernial sac is located, dissected, and ligated at a high position. This method is straightforward and applicable to all types of pediatric hernias, especially suitable for younger children or those with comorbidities.

　　3. Laparoscopy-assisted open surgery: This combines the advantages of both laparoscopic and open techniques. Internal structures are first evaluated using laparoscopy, followed by a small incision to complete the ligation. It balances minimally invasive benefits with surgical safety and is ideal for complex or bilateral hernias.

　　4. Hernia repair (with mesh): When a large abdominal wall defect accompanies the hernia, a mesh implant is used to reinforce the weakened area, increase abdominal wall tension, and prevent recurrence. This approach is typically reserved for older children with more complex conditions.

　　5. Single-port laparoscopic high ligation of the hernial sac: The procedure is performed through a single small incision, resulting in even less trauma than conventional laparoscopy. Postoperative scarring is nearly invisible, offering superior cosmetic outcomes. It is ideal for families who have higher aesthetic expectations after surgery.

　　After surgery, it is important to keep the wound clean and dry, avoid vigorous crying, running, or jumping in the child to minimize increased intra-abdominal pressure. Gradually resume normal activities as instructed by the doctor, maintain a light and easily digestible diet, ensure adequate nutrition, and support wound healing and overall recovery.