What are the different types of facial tumors?

Common facial tumors include basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, sebaceous cysts (epidermoid cysts), and lipomas. These tumors may be benign or malignant, with varying clinical presentations and potential risks, so prompt and accurate diagnosis is essential. If you notice any unexplained lumps, ulcers, or abnormal pigmentation on the face, it is recommended to seek medical attention promptly.

1. Basal cell carcinoma: Often occurs in sun-exposed areas of the face, such as the nose and cheeks. It presents as a slowly growing nodule or ulcer with a firm texture. Although typically malignant, it progresses slowly, rarely metastasizes, and has a favorable prognosis when treated early.

2. Squamous cell carcinoma: Commonly found at the junction of skin and mucous membranes, such as the lips. It appears as a cauliflower-like mass or an ulcer that bleeds easily. It is more aggressive than basal cell carcinoma and may invade locally or metastasize in advanced stages.

3. Melanoma: Arises from malignant transformation of melanocytes. It may present as a rapidly enlarging mole with uneven color or irregular shape. This is a highly aggressive cancer with a high risk of early metastasis, requiring prompt intervention.

4. Sebaceous cyst (epidermoid cyst): Formed due to blockage of sebaceous gland ducts, commonly located on the forehead or cheeks. It appears as a round, soft, smooth-surfaced lump. It is a benign tumor; however, infection can cause redness, swelling, and pain.

5. Lipoma: Composed of adipose tissue, it can develop under the facial skin. It presents as a soft, well-defined, slow-growing mass without significant pain. It is a benign tumor and generally does not affect health.

Maintaining proper facial skin care is important in daily life. Avoid prolonged sun exposure to reduce UV-induced skin damage. Do not squeeze facial lumps arbitrarily, keep the skin clean, and regularly monitor changes in facial skin condition.