Is a single gallbladder polyp an adenoma?

A solitary gallbladder polyp is not necessarily an adenoma; it could be an adenomatous polyp, but may also be a cholesterol polyp, inflammatory polyp, or hyperplastic polyp. Adenomatous polyps are only one type among solitary polyps and their nature must be confirmed through medical examinations. If a solitary polyp exceeds 1 cm in diameter or shows rapid growth over a short period, prompt medical evaluation is recommended.

In terms of types, cholesterol polyps are the most common form of solitary gallbladder polyps, formed by cholesterol deposits in bile. They are typically soft, with a smooth surface and carry virtually no risk of malignant transformation. Inflammatory polyps are usually caused by chronic cholecystitis and are often associated with thickened gallbladder walls, carrying a low risk of malignancy. Although adenomatous polyps are less common, they are considered precancerous lesions and have potential for malignant transformation.

Clinically, ultrasound, CT, or pathological examinations are required to differentiate the nature of solitary polyps. Adenomatous polyps typically appear with a broad base, uniform echogenicity, and may show blood flow signals on Doppler imaging. Other types of polyps usually have a narrow base and lack significant vascularity. The characteristic of being "solitary" alone is insufficient to determine whether a polyp is adenomatous; a comprehensive assessment based on multiple diagnostic findings is necessary.

In daily life, maintaining a low-fat diet is recommended—avoid excessive consumption of fried or high-fat foods. Eating regular meals helps reduce bile stasis. Regular gallbladder ultrasound follow-ups are important to monitor changes in polyp size and morphology, supporting overall gallbladder health.