What are the treatment methods for head hemangiomas?

Head hemangiomas can be managed through various methods including topical medication, laser therapy, injection treatment, cryotherapy, and surgical excision. The choice of treatment depends on the lesion's location, size, and whether it affects function or appearance, with priority given to preserving the health of the scalp and skull. Prompt medical attention is recommended if the hemangioma ulcerates and bleeds, grows rapidly, or compresses surrounding tissues.

1. Topical medication: For superficial and small head hemangiomas, apply beta-blocker ointments as directed by a physician to inhibit blood vessel proliferation. This approach is simple, non-invasive, and suitable for infants or lesions located in sensitive areas. Consistent and regular application is required.

2. Laser therapy: Uses specific wavelength lasers to target and destroy blood vessels within the hemangioma, reducing its blood supply and causing it to shrink. This method is ideal for improving cosmetic appearance while preserving hair follicles. After treatment, proper sun protection and scalp moisturization are essential to prevent pigmentary changes.

3. Injection therapy: For deeper or slightly larger hemangiomas, sclerosing agents or anti-angiogenic drugs are injected directly into the lesion to reduce its size. This procedure should be performed by a qualified physician to avoid damage to the skull and nerves, minimizing injury to surrounding tissues.

4. Cryotherapy: Uses liquid nitrogen to freeze and destroy superficial, small hemangiomas, leading to their necrosis and shedding. It is best suited for well-defined lesions not close to hair follicles. Post-treatment care involves protecting the wound to prevent infection, scarring, or hair loss.

5. Surgical excision: Recommended for large hemangiomas, those with recurrent bleeding, or lesions affecting the skull. Complete surgical removal of the tumor is performed, with scalp reconstruction if necessary. Proper postoperative wound care helps minimize risks of scarring and hair loss.

In daily life, avoid scratching the hemangioma vigorously. Use gentle motions and lukewarm water when washing hair, choose mild shampoo products, and avoid friction or irritation. Wear loose-fitting hats for sun protection outdoors, and regularly monitor any changes in the lesion.