What is the scientific name for sleeping pills?
Nov 07, 2025
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Zhang Baohua
Introduction
Commonly used sleeping pills include zopiclone, zolpidem, estazolam, and alprazolam. All sleeping pills are prescription medications and must be used under a doctor's supervision; they should not be purchased or dosage adjusted without medical guidance. Before taking these medications, patients should inform their doctor of their medical history and medication use to avoid potential drug interactions. If dizziness, memory impairment, or other adverse effects occur during treatment, the doctor should be informed promptly.
Commonly used hypnotic drugs include zopiclone, zolpidem, estazolam, alprazolam, and diazepam. A detailed analysis is as follows:
1. Zopiclone: This is a non-benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic that acts on specific receptors in the central nervous system to induce sleep. It shortens sleep onset time and prolongs total sleep duration, making it suitable for individuals with difficulty falling asleep or maintaining sleep. It generally has relatively few side effects when used at standard doses.
2. Zolpidem: Also a non-benzodiazepine drug, zolpidem works rapidly and is primarily used to treat short-term insomnia characterized by difficulty falling asleep. It has minimal impact on sleep architecture and is less likely to cause next-day drowsiness. However, it must be taken strictly according to the prescribed dose, and prolonged use should be avoided to prevent dependence.
3. Estazolam: A benzodiazepine drug, estazolam has sedative, hypnotic, and anti-anxiety effects. It effectively improves sleep onset difficulties and sleep problems associated with anxiety. Its effects last longer, but long-term use may lead to tolerance and dependence. Therefore, treatment duration should be carefully managed under medical supervision.
4. Alprazolam: Another benzodiazepine, alprazolam not only promotes sleep but also has significant anti-anxiety effects. It is suitable for individuals whose sleep disorders are caused by anxiety. It takes effect quickly, but prolonged use can easily lead to physical and psychological dependence. Dosage must be gradually reduced when discontinuing the medication.
5. Diazepam: A long-acting benzodiazepine, diazepam has strong sedative and hypnotic effects, along with anticonvulsant and anti-anxiety properties. It is appropriate for individuals who have difficulty maintaining sleep or those with accompanying anxiety or seizure disorders. However, residual effects such as drowsiness and dizziness may occur the following day, so its use requires caution.
All hypnotic drugs are prescription medications and must be used only under a doctor’s guidance; self-purchasing or adjusting dosages is not permitted. Before taking these medications, patients should inform their doctor of their medical history and current medications to avoid potential drug interactions. If adverse effects such as dizziness or memory impairment occur during treatment, they should promptly inform their doctor for evaluation and possible adjustment of the treatment plan.
