What causes a sallow and ashen complexion?

　　Sallow or grayish-yellow complexion may result from dietary and sleep habit issues, prolonged sun exposure, iron-deficiency anemia, viral hepatitis, biliary obstruction, and other causes. It can be improved through adjustments in diet and sleep habits, sun protection, and medication. If symptoms persist or are accompanied by fatigue or jaundice, prompt medical attention is necessary.

　　1. Dietary and Sleep Habits: Long-term picky eating leading to nutritional deficiencies, and chronic late-night sleeping disrupting metabolism, can cause a dull, grayish-yellow complexion accompanied by poor mental state. It is recommended to maintain regular sleep schedules with reduced late nights, consume more lean meat, fruits, and vegetables to improve nutrition, and ensure 7–8 hours of sleep daily.

　　2. Prolonged Sun Exposure: Ultraviolet radiation damages the skin barrier, promotes melanin deposition, and breaks down collagen, resulting in a grayish-yellow complexion and rough skin texture. It is advised to apply sunscreen suitable for children when outdoors, wear hats and use umbrellas, and minimize time spent under direct sunlight.

　　3. Iron-Deficiency Anemia: Insufficient iron intake or excessive iron loss reduces hemoglobin synthesis, lowering blood oxygen-carrying capacity and causing a grayish-yellow complexion, often accompanied by dizziness and fatigue. It is recommended to take medications such as pediatric ferrous sulfate syrup, ferrous fumarate granules, and vitamin C tablets under medical supervision to alleviate symptoms.

　　4. Viral Hepatitis: Viral infection damages liver cells and disrupts bilirubin metabolism, leading to a grayish-yellow complexion along with poor appetite and discomfort in the liver area. Medications such as entecavir dispersible tablets, diammonium glycyrrhizinate enteric-coated capsules, and silybin capsules may be used under medical guidance to improve symptoms.

　　5. Biliary Obstruction: Gallstones or inflammation blocking the bile duct prevent normal bile excretion, causing bilirubin to reflux into the bloodstream. This results in a grayish-yellow complexion accompanied by dark urine and abdominal pain. Treatment may include medications such as ursodeoxycholic acid capsules, anti-inflammatory and cholagogue tablets, and cefixime dispersible tablets, used under medical supervision.

　　For daily care, maintain a balanced diet rich in nutritious foods, follow a regular sleep schedule avoiding late nights, practice proper sun protection when outdoors, and keep the skin clean to support overall skin health.