What causes itching in the female genital area and lower abdominal pain?

Itching in the female genital area and lower abdominal pain may be caused by poor hygiene, physiological irritation during menstruation, vulvovaginal candidiasis, trichomonas vaginitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, or other conditions. Symptoms can be improved through proper cleaning, lifestyle adjustments, and medication. If symptoms persist or worsen, or are accompanied by abnormal discharge or fever, prompt medical attention is necessary.

1. Poor Hygiene: Long-term neglect of external genital cleanliness allows secretions and residual urine to create an environment conducive to bacterial growth, which continuously irritates the skin and mucous membranes of the vulva. This irritation can cause itching, and upward bacterial infection may lead to dull lower abdominal pain. It is recommended to wash the vulva daily with warm water, keep the area dry, change cotton underwear frequently, and avoid using irritating cleansing products.

2. Menstrual Physiological Irritation: During menstruation, prolonged exposure to menstrual blood can irritate the vulvar skin, while poorly breathable sanitary pads may promote bacterial growth. Hormonal changes also cause pelvic congestion, leading to mild vulvar itching and a sensation of heaviness or pain in the lower abdomen. It is advised to use breathable sanitary pads, change them every 2–4 hours, avoid prolonged sitting, and apply warm compresses to the lower abdomen to relieve discomfort.

3. Vulvovaginal Candidiasis: When immunity is reduced, Candida species can multiply rapidly and invade the vaginal mucosa, causing an inflammatory response. Inflammation leads to intense vulvar itching and thick, curd-like vaginal discharge. As the condition spreads, it may also cause dull lower abdominal pain. Treatment under medical guidance may include clotrimazole suppositories, miconazole nitrate suppositories, or fluconazole capsules to alleviate symptoms.

4. Trichomonas Vaginitis: Trichomonas vaginalis spreads through sexual contact or indirect exposure and disrupts the normal vaginal flora after invading the vagina. Symptoms include vulvar itching, increased yellow-green frothy vaginal discharge, and lower abdominal pain if the infection involves the pelvic cavity. Under medical supervision, medications such as metronidazole suppositories, tinidazole suppositories, or metronidazole tablets may be used to manage symptoms.

5. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): Bacteria travel upward from the vagina or cervix into the pelvic cavity, causing inflammation of pelvic tissues. Inflammation leads to pelvic congestion and edema, stimulating surrounding tissues and resulting in a feeling of pressure or pain in the lower abdomen. Discharge from the inflammation may also irritate the vulva, causing itching, along with increased malodorous vaginal discharge. Follow medical advice to use medications such as cefixime dispersible tablets, levofloxacin capsules, or Fuyankang capsules to improve symptoms.

Maintain clean and dry vulvar hygiene, and wear loose-fitting cotton underwear. Eat a light, easily digestible diet and drink plenty of warm water. Avoid unhygienic sexual practices, engage in moderate exercise, and strengthen your immune system to support recovery.