What to do about intestinal obstruction after surgery for rectal cancer
Nov 14, 2025
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Wang Lei
Introduction
Postoperative intestinal obstruction following rectal cancer surgery can be managed through dietary adjustments, appropriate physical activity, gastrointestinal decompression, medication, or surgical treatment. The approach should be selected based on the severity and underlying cause of the obstruction. Timely intervention can prevent worsening of the condition. If severe abdominal pain, frequent vomiting, or cessation of flatus and bowel movements occur, seek immediate medical attention. Temporarily stop eating or switch to a liquid diet.
Intestinal obstruction after rectal cancer surgery can be managed through dietary adjustments, appropriate physical activity, gastrointestinal decompression, medication, or surgical treatment. The approach should be selected based on the severity and underlying cause of the obstruction. Timely intervention can prevent worsening of the condition. If severe abdominal pain, frequent vomiting, or cessation of flatus and bowel movements occur, immediate medical attention is recommended.
1. Dietary adjustment: Temporarily stop eating or switch to a liquid diet to avoid solid foods that may加重 intestinal burden. Once the obstruction begins to resolve, gradually transition to a semi-liquid diet, then to soft, easily digestible, low-fiber foods.
2. Appropriate activity: If physically able, engage in slow walking or bed turning to promote intestinal motility and help relieve mild obstruction. Avoid strenuous exercise to prevent wound strain or excessive fatigue.
3. Gastrointestinal decompression: A nasogastric tube is inserted to drain gas and fluids from the gastrointestinal tract, reducing distension and relieving symptoms such as bloating and vomiting. This helps create conditions for recovery of intestinal motility and must be performed by healthcare professionals.
4. Medication: Take prokinetic drugs (e.g., mosapride) as prescribed, or antispasmodics if needed to relieve intestinal spasms. Electrolytes should also be replenished to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance and prevent dehydration.
5. Surgical treatment: If conservative treatments fail, the obstruction is severe, or bowel strangulation is suspected, timely surgery is required to relieve the obstruction or repair intestinal lesions. Postoperative care should be strengthened to prevent complications.
After surgery, maintain regular eating habits and avoid overeating; choose light, easily digestible foods. Attend regular follow-up visits to monitor intestinal function. Maintain emotional stability, avoid anxiety, and keep the abdomen warm to prevent impaired intestinal motility due to cold exposure.
