How to change dressings after anal fistula surgery

Nov 15, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health

Dr. Li Jingxiang

Introduction

Dressing changes after anal fistula surgery should follow these steps: cleaning the perianal area, disinfecting the wound, removing secretions, packing the wound with dressing, and securing with bandages. The procedure must be performed aseptically by trained medical personnel to promote wound healing. If persistent bleeding, severe pain, or signs of infection occur after dressing change, prompt medical attention is recommended. Clean the perianal area with warm water after bowel movements or before changing the dressing.

　　Dressing changes after anal fistula surgery should follow steps including cleaning the perianal area, disinfecting the wound, removing secretions, packing dressings, and securing the bandage. The procedure must be performed under sterile conditions by trained medical personnel to promote wound healing. If persistent bleeding, severe pain, or signs of infection occur after dressing change, prompt medical attention is recommended.

　　1. Clean the perianal area: After bowel movements or before changing the dressing, wash the perianal area gently with warm water and carefully wipe away fecal residue and secretions. Avoid rubbing the wound vigorously. Maintaining local cleanliness prepares the area for proper dressing application.

　　2. Disinfect the wound: Use a sterile swab dipped in antiseptic solution to gently wipe the wound from the center outward across the surrounding skin. Repeat 2–3 times to eliminate bacteria around the wound and reduce the risk of infection.

　　3. Remove secretions: Gently wipe the wound with sterile gauze or cotton swabs to remove residual pus, exudate, and necrotic tissue. Prevent accumulation of secretions that may impair wound healing.

　　4. Pack the dressing: Select appropriate sterile gauze or drainage strips according to the size of the wound. After applying an adequate amount of antibacterial ointment, gently insert the dressing into the wound to ensure full contact between the dressing and wound surface, promoting granulation tissue growth.

　　5. Secure the dressing: Cover the wound with sterile gauze and gently press to fix it in place. Medical tape may be used if necessary to assist in securing the dressing. Keep the dressing clean and dry to prevent dislodgement during movement.

　　During the dressing change period, maintain regular作息 (daily routines), avoid strenuous physical activity that may strain the wound, eat a diet rich in protein and dietary fiber, maintain smooth bowel movements, and minimize irritation or injury to the wound.

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What ointment is good for cleaning an anal fistula wound?

In general, wound care after anal fistula surgery requires the use of ointments that have both anti-infective and healing-promoting properties. Patients may use medications such as mupirocin ointment, compound polymyxin B ointment, recombinant human epidermal growth factor gel, Longzhu ointment, or Kangfuxin solution as directed by their physician to aid recovery. Before applying medication, ensure the wound is clean, and rinse the perianal area with warm water after each bowel movement.

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What causes the wound to turn white after anal fistula surgery?

In general, whitening of the wound after anal fistula surgery may be caused by normal granulation tissue, local moisture maceration, wound infection, ischemia, or false healing. If any discomfort occurs, it is recommended to seek timely medical evaluation and treatment at a reputable hospital. Maintain a light and easily digestible diet, consume more protein-rich foods, keep bowel movements smooth, and avoid constipation that could lead to straining and wound tearing.

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What medication should be taken after anal fistula surgery?

In general, medication after anal fistula surgery aims to prevent infection, relieve pain, promote wound healing, and maintain smooth bowel movements. Patients may follow their doctor's instructions to use medications such as cefdinir dispersible tablets, ibuprofen sustained-release capsules, kangfuxin liquid, lactulose oral solution, and compound alginates suppositories for treatment. It is also important to develop regular bowel habits and consume more foods rich in dietary fiber.

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What should I do if the wound does not heal after anal fistula surgery?

In general, delayed wound healing after anal fistula surgery may be caused by factors such as nutritional deficiency, improper local care, wound infection, recurrent perianal abscess, or Crohn's disease. Patients can choose appropriate measures based on their specific conditions to improve healing. During the postoperative recovery period, it is important to maintain a regular lifestyle and avoid staying up late and consuming spicy foods.