How to treat external hemorrhoids

In general, external hemorrhoids may be caused by prolonged sitting or standing leading to venous congestion, consumption of spicy foods irritating the perianal area, thrombosed external hemorrhoids, inflammatory external hemorrhoids, or perianal varicose veins. It is recommended to seek medical attention promptly, identify the underlying cause, and follow a doctor's guidance for improvement through conservative management, medication, and other treatments. Specific causes are analyzed as follows:

1. Prolonged sitting or standing causing venous congestion: Maintaining the same posture for long periods obstructs venous return around the anus, resulting in blood accumulation and formation of external hemorrhoids, often accompanied by a sensation of anal heaviness or fullness. It is advised to stand up and move for 5–10 minutes every hour, use a breathable cushion while working, and perform anal sphincter exercises (Kegel exercises) three times daily with 30 repetitions per session to promote venous return.

2. Spicy diet irritating the perianal region: Long-term consumption of spicy foods such as chili peppers and Sichuan pepper can stimulate perianal veins, causing congestion and dilation that lead to external hemorrhoids. Adjust the diet to mild, non-spicy foods, increase intake of fiber-rich foods like spinach and apples, drink plenty of water, and avoid spicy or irritating foods to prevent symptom worsening.

3. Thrombosed external hemorrhoid: Sudden clot formation within the external hemorrhoidal venous plexus leads to acute anal swelling and pain, with a palpable hard lump. Follow medical advice to take sitz baths with potassium permanganate solution, and apply topical medications such as Ma Yinglong Musk Hemorrhoid Ointment, Guan Tai Ointment, or Yunnan Baiyao Hemorrhoid Ointment to relieve pain and swelling.

4. Inflammatory external hemorrhoid: Inflammation of an external hemorrhoid due to friction or infection manifests as redness, swelling, heat, and pain along the anal margin. Clean the perianal area with warm water after bowel movements. As prescribed by a physician, take antibiotics such as Cefuroxime Axetil Tablets, Levofloxacin Capsules, or Amoxicillin Capsules to control the progression of inflammation.

5. Perianal varicose veins: Weak venous walls around the anus become dilated and form clusters, resulting in soft external hemorrhoids that tend to recur frequently. When conservative treatment fails, excision of external hemorrhoids may be performed. Surgical removal of the varicose venous clusters eliminates the hemorrhoidal lesion and reduces the risk of recurrence.

Maintain cleanliness and dryness of the perianal area in daily life. Choose loose, breathable cotton underwear and change it regularly. Avoid prolonged squatting and excessive straining during defecation, and maintain regular, smooth bowel movements. Keep a regular sleep schedule and avoid staying up late to enhance overall immunity. Comprehensive care measures can help promote recovery from external hemorrhoids.