What causes vaginal mucosal edema, and how should it be managed?

Vaginal mucosal edema may be caused by childbirth injury, local irritation, vaginitis, vulvitis, or Bartholin's gland inflammation. It can be improved through rest and proper care, avoiding irritants, and medical treatment. If the swelling worsens or is accompanied by pain or abnormal discharge, prompt medical attention is necessary.

1. Childbirth injury: During delivery, excessive stretching of the vaginal mucosa can lead to vascular congestion and fluid leakage, resulting in edema, possibly accompanied by mild distension or discomfort. It is recommended to ensure adequate postpartum rest, avoid resuming sexual intercourse too early, and minimize friction and irritation to the vaginal mucosa.

2. Local irritation: Using harsh hygiene products or over-cleaning can disrupt the protective barrier of the vaginal mucosa, leading to edema and itching. It is advised to switch to gentle, cotton-based hygiene products, wash the external genital area with warm water, and avoid frequent douching.

3. Vaginitis: Infections caused by bacteria, fungi, or other pathogens trigger vaginal inflammation. Inflammatory stimulation leads to mucosal congestion and swelling, often accompanied by increased discharge and odor. Patients may use medications such as metronidazole suppositories, clotrimazole suppositories, or Fuyankang tablets under a doctor’s guidance to relieve symptoms.

4. Vulvitis: Infection or irritation of the vulva can spread inflammation to the vaginal mucosa, causing edema along with vulvar itching and redness. It is recommended to use medications such as potassium permanganate solution, erythromycin ointment, or cephalexin capsules under medical supervision to alleviate discomfort.

5. Bartholin's gland inflammation: Bacterial infection of the Bartholin's gland can spread inflammation to the vaginal mucosa, causing localized edema along with a sensation of heaviness and pain in the vulva. Patients may follow medical advice to use medications like cefixime dispersible tablets, metronidazole tablets, or mupirocin ointment to improve symptoms.

Maintain cleanliness and dryness of the external genital area, wear loose-fitting, breathable cotton underwear, follow a light diet avoiding spicy and irritating foods, drink plenty of water, avoid scratching the affected area, and get moderate rest to support mucosal recovery.