What causes fetal single ventricle?

In general, fetal single ventricle may be caused by abnormal genetic factors, environmental stimuli during pregnancy, maternal viral infections, gestational diabetes, or the use of teratogenic drugs during pregnancy. It is recommended to seek medical attention promptly, identify the underlying cause, and receive appropriate interventions under a doctor's guidance. Specific analyses are as follows:

1. Genetic abnormalities: If either parent carries chromosomal disease-causing genes or if the fetus experiences chromosomal mutations, this can interfere with normal heart development and result in a single ventricle. Chromosomal testing for both partners before conception, along with timely non-invasive DNA testing or amniocentesis during pregnancy, helps early identification of genetic risks.

2. Environmental exposure during pregnancy: Prolonged exposure to radiation or toxic chemicals during pregnancy may disrupt fetal cardiac differentiation. Pregnant women should avoid environments with pollution from renovations, electromagnetic radiation, pesticides, heavy metals, and other harmful substances, and take proper personal protective measures.

3. Maternal viral infection: Infections such as rubella virus or cytomegalovirus during early pregnancy can cross the placenta and damage the fetal heart. Pregnant women should stay warm and avoid colds in early pregnancy, refrain from visiting crowded places, and when necessary, follow medical advice to use antiviral medications such as acyclovir tablets, ganciclovir capsules, or ribavirin granules to prevent infection spread.

4. Gestational diabetes: Poor maternal blood glucose control leads to high blood sugar levels, which may disrupt normal fetal heart development. A balanced diet with reduced intake of high-sugar foods is essential. Follow medical instructions to use insulin injection, insulin aspart injection, or insulin lispro injection to maintain stable blood glucose within the normal range.

5. Use of teratogenic drugs during pregnancy: Accidental use of teratogenic medications such as antiepileptics or anticancer drugs during pregnancy can impair cardiac structural development. Medication use during pregnancy must strictly follow medical advice; self-medication should be avoided. If potentially harmful drugs have already been taken, timely fetal echocardiography should be performed to assess cardiac development.

Routine prenatal care should include maintaining a regular sleep schedule, avoiding late nights and excessive fatigue. Nutrition should be balanced and rich in essential nutrients, with increased intake of fresh fruits and vegetables to supplement vitamins. Emotional stability is important—avoid anxiety and stress—and regular prenatal check-ups are crucial to closely monitor fetal growth and development.