What causes lower back pain and brown discharge during pregnancy?

Pregnancy-related lower back pain accompanied by brown discharge may be caused by hormonal changes and uterine enlargement, implantation bleeding, threatened miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, or cervicitis. Symptoms can be improved through rest, lifestyle adjustments, or medication. However, if the discharge increases, back pain worsens, or abdominal pain develops, prompt medical attention is necessary.

1. Hormonal Changes and Uterine Enlargement: During pregnancy, hormonal fluctuations cause ligament relaxation, while the enlarging uterus compresses the lumbosacral area. Slight endometrial shedding may also occur, leading to lower back pain and brown discharge. It is recommended to avoid prolonged standing or sitting, use maternity support belts, and rest in bed appropriately to relieve discomfort.

2. Implantation Bleeding: When the fertilized egg implants into the uterine lining, it may invade small blood vessels, causing minor bleeding and pulling on surrounding tissues, resulting in mild back pain. The discharge is typically minimal and brown in color. It is advised to reduce physical activity, avoid strenuous exercise, maintain emotional stability, and closely monitor any changes in vaginal discharge.

3. Threatened Miscarriage: Factors such as fatigue or insufficient hormone levels during pregnancy may lead to a threatened miscarriage. Uterine contractions cause back pain, while endometrial shedding results in brown discharge, possibly accompanied by a sensation of heaviness in the lower abdomen. Under medical guidance, medications such as dydrogesterone tablets, progesterone capsules, or vitamin E softgels may be used to alleviate symptoms.

4. Ectopic Pregnancy: When a fertilized egg implants and develops outside the uterine cavity, it may compress surrounding tissues, causing back pain. Rupture of the embryo can lead to internal bleeding, resulting in brown discharge and dull pain on one side of the lower abdomen. Under medical supervision, treatments may include methotrexate injection, mifepristone tablets, or cephalosporin antibiotics to manage symptoms.

5. Cervicitis: Reduced immunity during pregnancy may allow bacterial infection of the cervix, leading to inflammation, mucosal congestion, and bleeding. Inflammatory irritation can also cause lower back pain, with discharge appearing brown. Follow medical advice to use medications such as nitrofurazone-nystatin vaginal soft capsules, cefixime dispersible tablets, or Gynecological Qianjin tablets to improve symptoms.

Maintain good genital hygiene by frequently changing cotton underwear. Eat a light diet rich in protein and vitamins. Avoid overexertion and sexual intercourse. Engage in moderate walking to strengthen the body, and attend regular prenatal checkups to monitor maternal and fetal health.