What is bipolar II disorder?

　　Bipolar II disorder is generally defined as a mood disorder characterized by episodes of depression and hypomania, without occurrences of full manic episodes. If any abnormalities are observed, prompt medical consultation is recommended. Detailed analysis is as follows:

　　During depressive episodes, patients may experience persistent low mood, reduced interest, fatigue, and lack of energy, possibly accompanied by sleep disturbances and changes in appetite. In severe cases, daily functioning may be impaired, though the severity and duration vary among individuals. During hypomanic episodes, symptoms include elevated mood, increased energy, racing thoughts, and heightened social activity. However, the intensity does not meet the criteria for mania and does not result in significant impairment of social functioning or psychotic symptoms.

　　The illness typically follows a pattern of frequent depressive episodes with relatively fewer hypomanic episodes. Some patients may experience rapid cycling between hypomania and depression, while others may remain in a subclinical depressive state for prolonged periods. Between episodes, patients' moods may return to normal, but relapses can be triggered by stressors, irregular sleep patterns, or other factors, necessitating ongoing monitoring of emotional changes.

　　If extreme mood fluctuations are observed in oneself or others, early evaluation at a psychiatric clinic is advised. Once diagnosed, treatment should be followed as prescribed by a physician, along with maintaining a regular lifestyle and minimizing potential triggers for recurrence.