What are the most serious risks of risperidone tablets?

Generally speaking, there is no such thing as the "most serious harm." The most severe adverse effects associated with risperidone tablets typically include severe liver and kidney dysfunction, tardive dyskinesia, cardiovascular abnormalities, endocrine disorders, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Detailed explanations are as follows:

1. Severe Liver and Kidney Function Impairment: The drug is metabolized through the liver and kidneys. Long-term or excessive use may increase the burden on these organs, potentially leading to hepatocyte necrosis or renal failure. Patients may develop symptoms such as jaundice, darkened urine, and reduced urine output. Without timely intervention, this can result in irreversible organ damage and impair normal metabolic functions.

2. Tardive Dyskinesia: Prolonged use of the medication may trigger this neurological disorder, characterized by involuntary, repetitive muscle movements such as facial twitching, limb tremors, and repeated oral or tongue movements. Symptoms often persist even after discontinuation of the drug, and in some patients, they may not be fully reversible, significantly affecting daily activities and quality of life.

3. Cardiovascular Abnormalities: Risperidone may cause QT interval prolongation, leading to arrhythmias. In severe cases, life-threatening conditions such as ventricular fibrillation or cardiac arrest may occur. Common symptoms include palpitations, chest tightness, and dizziness. Individuals with a history of heart disease or those taking other medications affecting heart rate are at higher risk.

4. Endocrine Disorders: The drug often causes a significant rise in prolactin levels, leading to symptoms such as gynecomastia in men and amenorrhea-galactorrhea in women. It may also induce diabetes, manifesting as increased thirst, frequent urination, and rapid weight gain. Chronic endocrine imbalance can impair reproductive function and metabolic health, increasing the risk of other chronic diseases.

5. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS): Although rare, this condition is extremely serious. It presents with high fever, muscle rigidity, altered mental status, and autonomic dysfunction. Without prompt treatment, it may lead to organ failure or death. NMS typically occurs early in treatment or during dose adjustments, necessitating close monitoring of physical condition.

During treatment with risperidone tablets, regular monitoring of liver and kidney function, electrocardiograms (ECG), and endocrine markers is essential. Any abnormal symptoms should be evaluated by a healthcare provider immediately. Patients must strictly follow medical instructions, avoid adjusting the dose or stopping the medication without guidance, and inform their doctor of any pre-existing conditions to ensure a personalized and safe treatment plan.