What is Horner's syndrome?

Horner's syndrome is typically a condition caused by neurological dysfunction, characterized by specific symptoms affecting the eye and face. Some cases are due to congenital factors, while others are associated with acquired diseases. If there are concerns, it is recommended to seek medical consultation promptly. The detailed analysis is as follows:

In congenital Horner's syndrome, the condition is often caused by abnormal nerve development at birth or birth trauma. Symptoms are usually stable without significant progression. Patients may present with unilateral eyelid ptosis, miosis (pupil constriction), and facial anhidrosis (reduced sweating). Generally, no severe discomfort accompanies these symptoms. A definitive diagnosis can be made through professional examinations. In some cases, specific treatment may not be required, but regular monitoring of neurological function is necessary.

In acquired Horner's syndrome, the condition is commonly caused by tumors, trauma, or inflammation in the brain or neck that compress or damage the related nerves. Symptoms may appear suddenly or gradually worsen. In addition to the typical ocular and facial signs, patients may also experience other symptoms such as headache, limb weakness, or difficulty swallowing. Imaging studies and other diagnostic tests are needed to identify the underlying cause, and timely treatment of the primary disease is essential to prevent further neurological damage.

When symptoms such as unilateral eyelid ptosis or abnormal pupils occur, prompt evaluation by a neurologist or ophthalmologist is recommended. Avoid self-medication during the diagnostic process, as this may mask the condition. After diagnosis, follow medical advice for treatment targeting the underlying cause and for regular follow-up. Closely monitor any changes in symptoms to prevent complications.