What are the causes of a stye on the lower eyelid?

Styes on the lower eyelid are commonly caused by bacterial infection, meibomian gland blockage, poor eye hygiene, weakened immunity, and eye irritation or injury. These factors are often related to abnormal secretion and infection of the eyelid glands. If styes recur frequently, redness and swelling spread, or vision becomes blurry, prompt medical attention is recommended.

1. Bacterial infection: Pathogenic bacteria such as *Staphylococcus aureus* invade the meibomian glands or hair follicles of the lower eyelid. Bacterial proliferation leads to acute suppurative inflammation, causing redness, swelling, and pain in the eyelid.

2. Meibomian gland blockage: Impaired drainage of oily secretions from the meibomian glands in the lower eyelid causes accumulation within the gland ducts, leading to blockage. This creates a favorable environment for bacterial growth and triggers the development of a stye.

3. Poor eye hygiene: Rubbing eyes with dirty hands, residual eye makeup, or buildup of debris at the base of the eyelashes can introduce bacteria directly into the eyelid glands, increasing the risk of infection.

4. Weakened immunity: Staying up late, excessive fatigue, and malnutrition can reduce overall body resistance and weaken the eye's defense mechanisms, making it easier for bacterial invasion and subsequent inflammation.

5. Eye irritation or injury: Prolonged use of electronic devices causing eye strain, improper use of contact lenses, or physical trauma to the eyelid can damage the mucosal barrier of the eyelid, predisposing to stye formation.

To prevent styes, maintain good eye hygiene by thoroughly removing eye makeup and avoiding touching the eyes with unclean hands. Limit screen time to prevent eye strain, ensure adequate sleep, and maintain a balanced diet to strengthen the eye’s resistance.