Which emotions harm the liver?

Generally speaking, according to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory, the saying "anger harms the liver" is a common concept. Here, "anger" does not refer solely to rage, but rather encompasses any excessive or prolonged negative emotional states, including but not limited to anger, irritability, and depression. A detailed explanation is as follows:

In TCM, the liver governs the smooth flow of qi, regulating the circulation of vital energy throughout the body and facilitating emotional balance. Emotions such as anger are specifically associated with the liver; thus, excessive or chronic anger can lead to stagnation of liver qi and disruption of the body's normal energy flow, impairing the liver’s function. When liver qi becomes stagnant, it may obstruct the circulation of qi and blood, leading to symptoms such as chest tightness and distending pain in the rib area. It may also affect spleen and stomach digestion and disturb mental clarity. Over time, this can deplete the liver's yin and blood, resulting in a series of physical and emotional imbalances—this forms the core rationale behind the concept that "anger harms the liver."

In daily life, it is important to manage emotions effectively. When faced with situations that easily provoke anger, one should slow down, calm the mind through deep breathing, taking a walk, or talking with others. Diet-wise, include mild foods such as goji berries, chrysanthemum flowers, and celery, while avoiding overly spicy or heat-inducing foods. Ensure sufficient sleep and avoid staying up late, which can damage liver yin. Engage in moderate, gentle exercises to promote smooth qi circulation. Maintaining a peaceful state of mind and reducing unnecessary stress allows liver qi to flow naturally, supporting both liver health and overall physical and mental harmony.