What issues should be noted in the nursing care of patients with hemoptysis?

Nursing care for patients with hemoptysis should focus on preventing asphyxiation, monitoring the condition, and stabilizing emotional state. Key considerations include scientific positioning management, dynamic observation of the condition, emotional support interventions, strict dietary control, and standardized medication care. Specific details are as follows:

1. Scientific Position Management: Adjusting body position according to the amount of hemoptysis is the primary principle. For mild hemoptysis, adopt a semi-sitting position to reduce pulmonary pressure. For massive hemoptysis, immediately place the patient in a prone position with head lower than feet at a 45° angle, turning the head to one side. Gently pat the back to facilitate drainage of accumulated blood and prevent airway obstruction and asphyxiation.

2. Dynamic Condition Monitoring: Closely monitor the volume, color, and characteristics of hemoptysis, accurately recording it using dedicated containers. Simultaneously observe vital signs such as respiration, pulse, and blood pressure. If hemoptysis suddenly stops accompanied by restlessness, rapid breathing, or cyanosis, this may indicate possible asphyxiation.

3. Emotional Support Intervention: Hemoptysis often causes anxiety and fear in patients, and emotional fluctuations can exacerbate vasoconstriction, potentially worsening bleeding. The nursing environment should remain quiet. Use gentle language to explain the condition and care measures, stay with the patient frequently, listen to their needs, and guide them in slow deep-breathing exercises to alleviate distress.

4. Strict Dietary Control: Diet should consist of lukewarm, bland, easily digestible liquids or semi-liquids such as rice soup and lotus root starch. Avoid hot, spicy, or hard foods that may irritate the pharynx and respiratory mucosa. Encourage small, frequent sips of water to maintain moisture in the respiratory tract.

5. Standardized Medication Care: Administer hemostatic and anti-infective medications strictly as prescribed, ensuring correct dosage and timing without self-adjustment. Closely monitor drug responses; for example, when using tranexamic acid, watch for adverse effects such as nausea or dizziness.

Nursing care for hemoptysis patients requires attention to detail and continuity. Maintain good indoor ventilation daily and avoid exposure to smoke and dust. Guide patients to avoid violent coughing or breath-holding. Through scientific nursing and health education, help patients manage their condition and promote recovery.