What are the risks of a 40°C fever caused by tonsillitis?

A high fever of 40°C caused by tonsillitis is considered a relatively serious condition. Prolonged high fever can damage multiple body systems, with major risks including neurological injury, respiratory involvement, increased circulatory strain, local spread of inflammation, and impaired development in children. The specific risks are analyzed as follows:

1. Neurological Damage: A 40°C high fever easily disrupts normal nervous system function. Adults commonly experience severe headaches, dizziness, irritability, insomnia, and noticeable declines in concentration and memory. In children, whose nervous systems are not fully developed, high fever is more likely to trigger febrile seizures, manifesting as limb convulsions and loss of consciousness. Repeated seizures may affect brain development.

2. Respiratory Involvement: Swelling and inflammation of the tonsils can compress the airway, and combined with increased respiratory rate due to high fever, this may lead to symptoms such as chest tightness, shortness of breath, and difficulty breathing. The inflammation may also spread to the trachea and lungs, triggering bronchitis or pneumonia, thereby worsening respiratory dysfunction.

3. Increased Circulatory Burden: Under high fever, the body's metabolic rate increases, leading to elevated heart rate and greater cardiac workload. For individuals with pre-existing heart conditions, this may trigger arrhythmias or myocarditis, potentially impairing heart function in severe cases.

4. Spread of Local Inflammation: If the tonsillar inflammation is not promptly controlled, it may spread to surrounding tissues. This could lead to peritonsillar abscesses or otitis media, causing ear pain and hearing loss. It may also extend to the sinuses, resulting in sinusitis characterized by nasal congestion and purulent nasal discharge.

5. Impaired Development in Children: Children are in a critical period of growth and development. Persistent high fever suppresses appetite, leading to inadequate nutrition. Additionally, high fever accelerates energy consumption; prolonged or recurrent episodes may hinder weight gain and skeletal development, weakening immune function.

When a 40°C fever due to tonsillitis occurs, immediate cooling measures should be taken, such as physical cooling and administration of antipyretics as directed by a physician. It is also essential to promptly identify the underlying cause and initiate targeted anti-inflammatory treatment. During treatment, ensure adequate rest, hydration, and nutritional intake to support recovery.