What are the clinical manifestations of a drowning victim?

Under normal circumstances, the clinical manifestations of drowning victims mainly include respiratory distress, impaired consciousness, coughing with sputum production, skin abnormalities, and circulatory dysfunction. If any discomfort symptoms occur, it is recommended to seek timely medical treatment at a正规 hospital. The specific analysis is as follows:

1. Respiratory Distress

During drowning, water enters the airway and damages alveolar ventilation function, impairing gas exchange and leading to respiratory distress. Patients may present with rapid and labored breathing; in severe cases, nasal flaring, mouth breathing, or even respiratory arrest can occur.

2. Impaired Consciousness

Hypoxia and the stimulation of water on the central nervous system can damage brain tissue function, resulting in altered mental status. Mild cases may present with restlessness or drowsiness; moderate cases show confusion; severe cases rapidly progress to coma, unresponsive to external stimuli.

3. Coughing and Sputum Production

Stimulation of the airway by water causes mucosal congestion and edema, increasing secretions and triggering cough reflexes. The sputum is often frothy; if contaminated water is inhaled, the sputum may appear turbid and foul-smelling. Pink, frothy sputum indicates pulmonary edema.

4. Skin Abnormalities

After drowning, poor circulation leads to inadequate skin perfusion, manifesting as pallor and cold, clammy skin. With prolonged submersion and peripheral circulatory failure, cyanosis may develop, most noticeably around the lips and fingertips.

5. Circulatory Dysfunction

Hypoxia, electrolyte imbalances, and cold-water stimulation can impair cardiac function, causing circulatory instability. Patients may experience palpitations and hypotension. In severe cases, weak pulse, cold extremities, or even cardiac arrest may occur.

Immediate rescue measures should be taken upon discovering a drowning victim, including prompt removal of foreign material from the nose and mouth to ensure airway patency. After resuscitation, maintaining body warmth is essential to prevent worsening of condition due to chilling. During recovery, adequate rest should be ensured, along with a light, easily digestible diet rich in high-quality protein and vitamins. For complications such as lung infection, medications should be taken as prescribed, and regular follow-up visits are necessary to assess recovery progress.