What are the first aid methods for a finger that has been pinched?

Generally, when a finger is pinched, it is important to follow the principles of removing the source of injury, reducing swelling and pain, and protecting and repairing the wound. The core first-aid measures mainly include immediately freeing the finger from the injuring object, applying cold compresses to relieve pain, properly managing the wound, immobilizing and protecting the injured area, and proper follow-up care. Specific details are as follows:

1. Immediately remove the injuring object: If a finger is pinched by a door or drawer, gently and slowly open the object to release the finger—avoid forceful pulling, which may worsen tissue damage. If the finger is caught in a tool or machine, turn off the power first and use professional tools to carefully disassemble and separate the parts, ensuring no additional pressure is applied during the process.

2. Apply cold compress for pain relief: After freeing the finger, immediately rinse the injured area with 15–20°C cold water, or apply a cold towel or ice pack for 15–20 minutes. Repeat every 1–2 hours as needed. Low temperatures help constrict blood vessels, reduce bleeding and swelling, and decrease nerve sensitivity to alleviate pain.

3. Proper wound management: If there is only redness, swelling, or bruising without skin breakage, keep the area clean and dry after cold compress. If the skin is broken and bleeding, clean the wound with sterile saline solution, disinfect with iodine (povidone-iodine), then apply pressure with sterile gauze to stop bleeding and bandage appropriately. Avoid using irritating disinfectants such as alcohol.

4. Immobilization and protection: If the finger experiences severe pain or limited movement, and fracture or joint injury is suspected, use rigid materials such as cardboard, small splints, or popsicle sticks to immobilize the finger in a straight or slightly bent position. Place soft cloth between the splint and skin, and ensure the wrap is snug but allows one finger to fit underneath.

5. Follow-up care: Elevate the injured finger above heart level to promote blood return and reduce swelling. During recovery, avoid overusing the injured finger, lifting heavy objects, or repetitive bending motions.

Be attentive when opening or closing doors and using tools. Children should be supervised by adults during play to prevent finger injuries. Seek immediate medical attention if the finger shows obvious deformity, turns black or purple, or loses all mobility, so that professional evaluation and treatment can be provided.