What are the main damages of acute benzene poisoning?

Under normal circumstances, acute benzene poisoning primarily enters the human body through the respiratory tract or skin, causing damage including central nervous system impairment, respiratory system injury, digestive system effects, initial hematopoietic system damage, and skin or mucous membrane injuries. The specific analysis is as follows:

1. Central Nervous System Damage: Mild poisoning manifests as dizziness, headache, fatigue, nausea, unsteady gait, and slowed reaction time. Moderate poisoning may lead to restlessness, confusion, and drowsiness. Severe poisoning can rapidly progress to coma, accompanied by convulsions and constricted pupils; in serious cases, respiratory center depression may occur, posing a life-threatening risk.

2. Respiratory System Damage: Benzene strongly irritates the respiratory mucosa. Individuals with mild poisoning may experience coughing, sore throat, chest tightness, and increased respiratory secretions. Moderate to severe poisoning can trigger chemical bronchitis or pneumonia, presenting as difficulty breathing, worsening cough, and bloody sputum.

3. Digestive System Damage: Gastrointestinal symptoms are common after poisoning, including nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and bloating. Vomit may carry the characteristic aromatic odor of benzene. Some patients may also suffer from loss of appetite and diarrhea. In severe cases, liver cells may be damaged, leading to hepatic discomfort, distension, and jaundice.

4. Initial Hematopoietic System Damage: Early hematopoietic system damage in acute poisoning is often temporary,表现为 slight increases or decreases in white blood cell count and transient reduction in platelets. Patients may develop gum bleeding, skin or mucosal petechiae, and ecchymoses.

5. Skin and Mucous Membrane Damage: Direct contact with liquid benzene or high-concentration benzene vapor may cause redness, swelling, itching, and a burning sensation on the skin, with severe exposure leading to blistering or erosion. Inhalation of benzene vapor can irritate the eyes, resulting in conjunctival congestion, tearing, and photophobia; corneal injury may cause blurred vision and eye pain.

When working with benzene-related operations, it is essential to wear protective equipment such as gas masks and protective gloves, and ensure adequate ventilation in the workplace. In the event of acute benzene poisoning, the individual should immediately be removed from the contaminated environment to fresh air, skin contaminants should be promptly cleaned, and emergency medical treatment should be initiated to minimize harm.