What should I do if I'm bitten by a dog and it's bleeding?
Nov 25, 2025
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Liu Wenmin
Introduction
In general, if bitten by a dog and bleeding occurs, immediate and proper first aid is required. Key measures include thoroughly rinsing and disinfecting the wound, promptly controlling bleeding and protecting the wound, receiving rabies vaccination as soon as possible, administering rabies immunoglobulin when necessary, and properly caring for the wound afterward. When going out daily, try to avoid unfamiliar dogs. If confronted with an aggressive dog, remain calm and avoid sudden running or provoking the animal.
Generally speaking, if bitten by a dog and bleeding occurs, immediate and proper first aid is required. Key measures include thoroughly washing and disinfecting the wound, promptly stopping the bleeding and protecting the wound, quickly receiving rabies vaccination, administering immunoglobulin when necessary, and properly caring for the wound afterward. The details are as follows:
1. Thoroughly wash and disinfect the wound: Immediately flush the wound with running water and soap solution alternately for 15–20 minutes. During flushing, gently squeeze the surrounding tissue to expel virus-contaminated blood. After rinsing, dry the area with sterile gauze, then disinfect the wound using iodine tincture or medical alcohol.
2. Promptly stop bleeding and protect the wound: If there is significant bleeding, apply pressure to the wound using clean sterile gauze or cloth for 5–10 minutes. Use sufficient pressure to stop the bleeding, but avoid excessive force that could damage tissues. After hemostasis, do not wrap the wound too tightly; keep it ventilated to prevent the growth of anaerobic bacteria.
3. Receive rabies vaccination as soon as possible: Regardless of the dog’s health status, seek medical attention at a qualified hospital or disease control center within 24 hours to receive the rabies vaccine. Earlier vaccination leads to better protection. Complete all doses according to the prescribed schedule—do not discontinue vaccination prematurely even if the wound heals or the dog shows no signs of illness, as this may compromise immune effectiveness.
4. Administer immunoglobulin when necessary: For deep wounds with heavy bleeding, or bites located on nerve-rich areas such as the head, face, or neck, passive rabies immunization (e.g., rabies antiserum or rabies immunoglobulin) should be administered under medical supervision. This helps neutralize the virus locally in the wound and reduces the risk of infection.
5. Perform proper follow-up wound care: Clean the wound daily with normal saline after vaccination, and monitor for signs of infection such as redness, swelling, or pus. Avoid exposing the wound to dirty water or contaminants. Avoid spicy and irritating foods, ensure adequate rest, boost immunity, and promote wound healing.
When going out daily, try to avoid unfamiliar dogs. If confronted by an aggressive dog, remain calm and avoid sudden running or provoking behaviors. Pet dogs should receive regular vaccinations and proper health management to reduce the risk of bites at the source.
