Contraindications of bismuth subnitrate

Bismuth subnitrate is a commonly used medication for treating gastrointestinal disorders. Contraindications include: individuals allergic to bismuth subnitrate, those with severe renal insufficiency, patients with gastrointestinal perforation, those experiencing acute gastrointestinal bleeding, and pregnant or breastfeeding women. Strict adherence to medication guidelines is essential to avoid risks. In case of misuse in contraindicated populations or the occurrence of severe adverse reactions, immediate medical attention is recommended.

1. Allergic to bismuth subnitrate: Patients with known hypersensitivity or allergic constitution may develop rashes, itching, or even severe allergic reactions such as laryngeal edema and breathing difficulties after use. Therefore, this drug must be strictly avoided.

2. Severe renal insufficiency: Bismuth subnitrate is primarily excreted through the kidneys. In patients with severely impaired kidney function, its use can lead to accumulation of bismuth, worsening kidney damage, and potentially causing neurotoxic effects.

3. Gastrointestinal perforation: Bismuth subnitrate may irritate the gastrointestinal mucosa. Its astringent effect could interfere with healing at the site of perforation and may mask symptoms, delaying emergency treatment.

4. Acute gastrointestinal bleeding: The astringent properties of the drug may hinder blood clearance from the bleeding site, leading to blood accumulation in the digestive tract, exacerbating the condition and interfering with clinical assessment of bleeding.

5. Pregnant and breastfeeding women: Bismuth may cross the placental barrier and affect fetal development, or be excreted in breast milk, posing potential health risks to infants. Its use is strictly prohibited in these populations.

Bismuth subnitrate should be taken only as prescribed, with strict control over dosage and duration to avoid self-extended use. A light diet is recommended during treatment; spicy, greasy, raw, or cold foods should be avoided. The medication should not be taken with milk or carbonated beverages, as this may reduce efficacy or worsen discomfort.