What are the side effects of propofol?

Propofol is a commonly used intravenous general anesthetic. Its side effects include respiratory depression, cardiovascular effects, injection site reactions, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and allergic reactions, most of which are dose-dependent and usually transient. Close clinical monitoring is required during use. If severe shortness of breath, sudden drop in blood pressure, or persistent discomfort occurs after administration, immediate medical attention is recommended.

1. Respiratory system suppression: Excessive doses may easily lead to decreased respiratory rate and reduced tidal volume; severe cases may result in apnea. The risk increases when propofol is used concomitantly with opioids, necessitating continuous monitoring of respiratory function.

2. Cardiovascular system effects: Propofol may cause mild hypotension and bradycardia. Some patients may develop significant bradycardia. Caution is advised in patients with pre-existing hypotension or heart disease, and vital signs should be closely monitored after administration.

3. Injection site reactions: Pain, redness, swelling, or burning sensation at the injection site may occur in some patients. Slowing the injection rate or selecting a large, straight vein for injection can help reduce local discomfort.

4. Neuropsychiatric symptoms: A minority of patients may experience transient agitation, excitement, or hallucinations upon awakening. These symptoms typically resolve spontaneously. Enhanced observation is necessary for patients with a history of psychiatric disorders.

5. Allergic reactions: Rarely, hypersensitivity reactions such as rash, itching, or bronchospasm may occur. If any of these symptoms appear, the drug should be discontinued immediately and appropriate symptomatic management initiated.

Administration must be strictly controlled by trained healthcare professionals with regard to dosage and injection speed. Patients should inform their doctor of any allergy history or underlying medical conditions prior to surgery. After the procedure, patients should remain under observation in a recovery unit until fully awake to prevent accidents due to premature activity.