What medications cannot be taken by individuals under 18 years of age?

Medications that should not be taken by individuals under the age of 18 include quinolone antibiotics, certain sedatives and hypnotics, cough medicines containing codeine, long-acting contraceptives, and some antidepressants. These medications may affect the physical development of minors or cause serious adverse reactions. If such medications are accidentally ingested or discomfort occurs, prompt medical attention is recommended.

1. Quinolone antibiotics: Such as levofloxacin and norfloxacin, these drugs may affect cartilage development, leading to joint damage and pain. Since minors' bones have not fully developed, taking these medications increases the risk of abnormal growth and development.

2. Certain sedatives and hypnotics: Such as diazepam and estazolam, these drugs suppress the central nervous system, potentially impairing intellectual development and cognitive function in minors. They may also lead to dependency, causing long-term negative effects on mental and physical health.

3. Cough medicines containing codeine: Codeine is addictive. Minors have weaker metabolic capacity, making them more susceptible to side effects such as nausea and drowsiness after taking it. It may also cause respiratory depression, affecting breathing function and normal development.

4. Long-acting contraceptives: These contain high doses of hormones that can disrupt the endocrine system in minors, leading to menstrual disorders and hormonal imbalances. They may also interfere with the normal development of reproductive organs such as the ovaries and uterus.

5. Some antidepressants: Such as fluoxetine and paroxetine. Since the nervous systems of minors are not yet fully mature, taking these medications may worsen mood swings or trigger suicidal thoughts. Their use must be strictly evaluated and administered only under professional medical guidance.

Minors should only take medication under the guidance of a physician. Parents must properly store medications to prevent accidental ingestion, carefully read instructions before use to identify contraindicated groups, and choose pediatric-specific formulations or appropriate dosage forms to ensure safe medication use.