What is an ear fistula? Is it harmful to the human body?

Ear fistula is a congenital ear deformity characterized by an abnormal small pit or fistulous tract near the auricle. In most cases, it poses no significant harm, but it may cause discomfort if infection occurs. If the ear fistula repeatedly becomes red, swollen, discharges pus, or is accompanied by pain, medical attention should be sought promptly.

An ear fistula typically results from incomplete fusion of ear tissues during embryonic development. It commonly appears in front of the tragus or on the back of the auricle. The fistula tract is lined with skin epithelial tissue and may secrete small amounts of sebaceous material. Usually, there are no noticeable symptoms, and it does not affect hearing or daily life.

In rare cases, the fistula may become infected due to pressure, exposure to water, or decreased immune resistance, leading to local redness, swelling, pain, and pus discharge. Severe infections can result in abscess formation, and recurrent infections may cause scar tissue overgrowth, affecting appearance and causing persistent discomfort.

In daily life, avoid squeezing or frequently touching the ear fistula, and keep the area clean and dry. Prevent contaminated water from entering the opening during washing or bathing. If increased discharge or local redness is observed, gently wipe the area with a mild disinfectant to prevent worsening infection. Asymptomatic ear fistulas generally do not require excessive intervention.