Can exposure to sound levels above 120 decibels cause deafness?

Generally, whether exposure to sounds exceeding 120 decibels can lead to hearing loss depends on the duration of exposure and individual differences. The detailed analysis is as follows:

Short-term, occasional exposure to sounds above 120 decibels typically does not cause deafness, especially in individuals with good baseline hearing. In such cases, the stimulation to cochlear hair cells is relatively mild, and the body's self-repair mechanisms can gradually restore hair cell function. Symptoms may include temporary tinnitus or a sensation of ear fullness, which usually resolve spontaneously after leaving the noisy environment.

However, prolonged or repeated exposure to sounds exceeding 120 decibels is highly likely to result in hearing loss. High-decibel sound waves continuously damage the hair cells in the cochlea, leading to their injury or death. Since hair cells are not regenerative, permanent hearing loss occurs once they are damaged. This is often accompanied by persistent tinnitus, muffled hearing, and in severe cases, complete deafness—particularly among individuals with heightened hearing sensitivity.

When entering environments with intense noise, it is essential to wear professional noise-isolating earplugs or earmuffs to reduce direct acoustic trauma to the ears. Avoid prolonged use of headphones; if necessary, keep the volume within a safe range and take a ten-minute break every hour. Regular hearing check-ups are recommended, and any signs of hearing abnormalities should be addressed promptly. Stay away from high-decibel noise sources such as explosions or heavy industrial workshops.