What causes nosebleeds during early pregnancy?

Generally, nosebleeds during early pregnancy may be caused by hormonal changes, dry air, allergic rhinitis, deviated nasal septum, or gestational hypertension. If discomfort occurs, it is recommended to seek timely medical evaluation and treatment at a正规 hospital. Specific causes are analyzed as follows:

1. Hormonal changes: Elevated estrogen levels during pregnancy cause dilation and congestion of blood vessels in the nasal mucosa, increasing vessel fragility and making them prone to rupture and bleeding. When experiencing a nosebleed, slightly lean forward and pinch the nostrils for 5–10 minutes. Eat more fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C, and avoid forcefully picking the nose.

2. Dry air: Low environmental humidity leads to moisture loss, dryness, and crusting of the nasal mucosa, which can easily trigger vessel rupture upon contact or breathing. Use a humidifier to maintain indoor humidity between 50% and 60%, moisten the nasal passages daily with saline nasal spray, and drink plenty of warm water.

3. Allergic rhinitis: Exposure to allergens triggers inflammation of the nasal mucosa, causing congestion, swelling, and increased susceptibility to damage and bleeding, often accompanied by sneezing and runny nose. Follow your doctor’s instructions to use physiological seawater nasal spray, budesonide nasal spray, or montelukast sodium tablets, and avoid allergens such as pollen and dust mites.

4. Deviated nasal septum: Structural abnormalities of the nasal septum lead to localized thinning of the mucosa, making it more susceptible to irritation and bleeding due to increased vascular expansion during pregnancy; nosebleeds typically occur on one side. Under medical guidance, use compound menthol oil nasal drops or cod liver oil nasal drops. In severe cases, septoplasty may be performed, followed by avoiding nasal trauma post-surgery.

5. Gestational hypertension: Increased blood pressure during pregnancy can cause small blood vessels in the nasal mucosa to rupture and bleed, often accompanied by dizziness and blurred vision. Medications such as labetalol tablets, methyldopa tablets, or nifedipine sustained-release tablets should be taken under medical supervision. Regularly monitor blood pressure, follow a low-salt diet, and ensure adequate rest.

In daily life, maintain appropriate indoor humidity; avoid forceful nose picking and strenuous exercise; stay away from allergens; attend regular prenatal checkups to monitor blood pressure, and seek medical attention promptly if frequent nosebleeds occur.