What to do about nasal congestion during the second trimester of pregnancy

Nasal congestion during the second trimester of pregnancy may be caused by hormonal changes, increased blood volume, allergic rhinitis, acute sinusitis, or nasal polyps. It is recommended to seek timely medical evaluation to identify the underlying cause and, under a doctor's guidance, improve symptoms through general measures, medications, or other treatments. Specific causes are analyzed as follows:

1. Hormonal changes during pregnancy: Elevated estrogen levels in mid-pregnancy can cause dilation and congestion of nasal mucosal blood vessels, narrowing the nasal passages and leading to blockage. Nasal irrigation with normal saline 2–3 times daily can help clear secretions and moisturize the nasal mucosa. Wearing a mask outdoors is also recommended.

2. Increased blood volume: Blood volume increases significantly during pregnancy, causing engorgement of blood vessels in the nasal mucosa, which may lead to swelling and nasal obstruction. Using a humidifier indoors to maintain air humidity between 40% and 60% can help alleviate symptoms.

3. Allergic rhinitis: Exposure to allergens such as dust mites or pollen triggers an allergic reaction in the nasal mucosa, resulting in swelling and increased secretions, causing nasal congestion accompanied by sneezing and runny nose. Follow your doctor’s instructions to use medications such as mometasone furoate nasal spray, loratadine tablets, or cetirizine hydrochloride drops to relieve symptoms.

4. Acute sinusitis: Bacterial infection causes inflammation of the sinus mucosa, leading to fluid accumulation in the sinuses, nasal blockage, and often accompanied by headache and purulent nasal discharge. Under medical guidance, antibiotics such as amoxicillin capsules, cefuroxime axetil tablets, or eucalyptus citronellal piace capsules may be prescribed. Nasal irrigation can also help drain pus and relieve congestion.

5. Nasal polyps: Chronic inflammation of the nasal mucosa may lead to polyp formation. As polyps grow, they obstruct the nasal passages, and the blockage tends to worsen over time. If medication is ineffective, endoscopic nasal polypectomy can be considered during the relatively stable phase of the second trimester to restore nasal airflow.

Maintain a light diet during daily life, avoid spicy and irritating foods, and consume more fresh fruits and vegetables rich in vitamins. Stay warm to prevent colds and minimize factors that trigger nasal inflammation. With proper care, nasal congestion can be effectively relieved, ensuring comfortable breathing throughout pregnancy.