What should I do if frequently cleaning my ears results in pus coming out?

Generally, frequently cleaning the ears and finding pus discharge may be caused by conditions such as ear canal skin injury, cerumen impaction, external otitis, suppurative otitis media, or furuncle of the external auditory canal. Patients can choose appropriate management methods based on their specific condition, including conservative care, medication, or surgical treatment. Detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Ear Canal Skin Injury

Excessive or unhygienic ear cleaning can scratch the skin of the ear canal, leading to infection. The exudate mixes with bacteria to form pus, often accompanied by a mild burning sensation. Stop ear cleaning immediately, gently wipe away secretions at the entrance of the ear canal with a clean cotton swab, keep the ear canal dry, and avoid water entering the ear.

2. Cerumen Impaction

Long-term ear cleaning may push earwax deeper into the ear canal, causing accumulation and blockage. This pressure can lead to inflammation of the ear canal skin, and the mixture of secretions and impacted wax may appear as pus. Do not attempt self-removal; instead, seek medical attention promptly. A doctor can remove the blockage using a cerumen hook or suction device. After removal, clean the external ear with warm saline solution.

3. External Otitis (Swimmer’s Ear)

Cleaning the ears can damage the natural protective barrier of the ear canal, allowing bacterial invasion and resulting in inflammation. The mucous membrane becomes congested and produces pus. Pus discharge is often accompanied by itching and a feeling of fullness or blockage in the ear. Under medical guidance, treatments may include ofloxacin ear drops, cefradine capsules, or hydrogen peroxide solution. Avoid getting water in the ear during treatment.

4. Suppurative Otitis Media

Inflammation of the middle ear caused by ear cleaning irritation or bacterial infection may result in perforation of the eardrum, allowing pus to drain through the ear canal. The discharge is typically thick and may be associated with hearing loss. Follow a doctor's instructions for medications such as amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium tablets, chloramphenicol ear drops, or dexamethasone tablets. In severe cases, tympanoplasty (eardrum repair surgery) may be required.

5. Furuncle of the External Auditory Canal

A bacterial infection of a hair follicle in the ear canal leads to the formation of a boil (furuncle). When the furuncle ruptures, it discharges pus, and touching the ear canal causes significant pain. Under medical supervision, treatments may include ichthammol ointment, cefuroxime axetil tablets, or metronidazole tablets. If the furuncle is large, incision and drainage surgery may be necessary.

To maintain ear health, develop good daily habits: avoid frequent ear cleaning, and ensure that ear-cleaning tools are thoroughly cleaned and disinfected. Dry the outer ear promptly after bathing or swimming to keep the ear canal dry. If you notice increasing pus discharge, hearing loss, or severe ear pain, seek medical attention immediately to prevent the spread of infection.