What should I do if there is blood in my phlegm from the throat persistently?

Generally, the persistent presence of blood-tinged sputum in the throat may be caused by factors such as dry air, forceful coughing, acute pharyngitis, bronchiectasis, or pulmonary tuberculosis. Patients can choose appropriate management approaches including general care, medication, or surgical treatment based on their specific conditions. A detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Dry Air: Dry air causes moisture loss in the throat's mucous membrane and increases capillary fragility, making them prone to rupture from minor irritation, leading to blood mixing with sputum. Use a humidifier to maintain indoor humidity at 50%–60%, drink 1500–2000 mL of warm water daily, and avoid prolonged exposure to direct airflow from air conditioning.

2. Forceful Coughing: Frequent or intense coughing pulls on the mucous membranes of the throat and trachea, causing damage and bleeding, which results in blood-tinged sputum that often worsens with coughing. Reduce the frequency of coughing and avoid forceful throat clearing. Gargling with warm water can soothe the throat, and spicy or irritating foods should be avoided.

3. Acute Pharyngitis: Viral or bacterial infections cause acute congestion of the pharyngeal mucosa; inflammatory irritation leads to mucosal damage and bleeding, accompanied by sore throat and hoarseness. Under medical guidance, patients may take Lanqin Oral Liquid, Amoxicillin Capsules, or Ribavirin Granules. Speaking less allows the throat to rest fully.

4. Bronchiectasis: Structural damage to the bronchial walls leads to dilated airways, and ruptured blood vessels mix blood into sputum, resulting in recurrent and often substantial blood-tinged sputum. As directed by a physician, medications such as Ceftazidime Injection, Ambroxol Hydrochloride Oral Solution, and Tranexamic Acid Tablets may be used. For localized lesions, surgical resection of the affected area may be considered.

5. Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Infection by *Mycobacterium tuberculosis* causes lung tissue necrosis and bleeding; blood-tinged sputum is commonly accompanied by low-grade fever, night sweats, and fatigue. Treatment under medical supervision includes Isoniazid Tablets, Rifampicin Capsules, and Pyrazinamide Tablets. Proper isolation measures should be taken during treatment to prevent transmission to others.

Maintain good indoor ventilation and avoid smoking and secondhand smoke. Eat a light, easily digestible diet rich in lung-moistening foods. Never ignore blood-tinged sputum—especially if it persists or recurs over time. Seek timely medical evaluation to identify the underlying cause. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for protecting health.