What causes itching and swelling in the heel?

Generally, itching and swelling in the heel area may be caused by overexertion, ill-fitting footwear, or medical conditions such as athlete's foot, eczema, Achilles tendinitis, and bone tumors. When these symptoms occur, it is recommended to seek medical attention promptly to determine the underlying cause and receive targeted treatment. Specific causes are analyzed as follows:

1. Overexertion: Prolonged walking, running, or intense physical activity can lead to repeated contraction and relaxation of the muscles and fascia in the heel, resulting in lactic acid buildup that causes swelling. This may also stimulate surrounding nerves, leading to itching. Reducing physical activity, resting appropriately, and soaking the feet in warm water can help improve blood circulation and relieve symptoms.

2. Ill-fitting shoes: Shoes that are too tight or too hard can compress and rub against the heel, impairing local blood circulation and causing swelling. Skin damage from friction may also trigger itching. Choose well-fitted, comfortable, and breathable footwear, and avoid wearing high heels or hard-soled shoes for extended periods.

3. Athlete’s foot (Tinea pedis): A fungal infection caused by dermatophytes affecting the skin on the heel. The fungi multiply locally, breaking down the skin's keratin layer and stimulating nerve endings, which leads to itching. Inflammatory responses can also result in localized swelling. Topical antifungal creams such as terbinafine hydrochloride cream, bifonazole cream, or miconazole nitrate cream may be used as directed by a physician. Keep the feet clean and dry.

4. Eczema: Exposure to allergens or prolonged dampness can trigger eczema on the heel. Damage to the skin barrier increases nerve sensitivity, causing itching, while inflammation leads to fluid leakage and swelling. Treatments such as mometasone furoate cream, halometasone cream, or tacrolimus ointment may be used under medical supervision. Avoid contact with known allergens.

5. Achilles tendinitis: Repeated strain or friction on the Achilles tendon causes aseptic inflammation in the tendon and surrounding tissues. Inflammation leads to heel swelling, and pain may radiate to nearby areas, sometimes producing an itchy sensation. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as diclofenac sodium sustained-release capsules, ibuprofen sustained-release capsules, or celecoxib capsules may be taken as advised by a doctor, along with heat therapy and physical therapy.

In daily life, wear appropriate footwear, avoid excessive physical activity, and maintain clean, dry feet. Seek timely medical evaluation when symptoms arise for early diagnosis and treatment.