What should be done if an elderly person has lumps on the head that are very itchy?

Generally, lumps on the scalp accompanied by itching in elderly individuals may be caused by reduced sebum production, improper cleansing methods, folliculitis, seborrheic dermatitis, herpes zoster, or other reasons. It is recommended to seek medical attention promptly, identify the underlying cause, and follow a doctor's guidance for improvement through general care, medication, and other treatments. Specific analyses are as follows:

1. Reduced skin oil secretion: With aging, sebaceous gland function declines, leading to insufficient sebum production on the scalp. This weakens the skin barrier, causing dryness, itching, and small bumps. Use a mild, nourishing shampoo and apply a scalp-specific moisturizing serum after washing. Wash hair only 1–2 times per week to avoid over-cleansing.

2. Improper cleansing habits: Using strongly alkaline shampoos or scratching the scalp with fingernails can damage the skin and lead to discomfort. Switch to a gentle, acidic, silicone-free shampoo, massage the scalp softly with fingertips (not nails), and use water at around 37°C during washing to avoid irritation from excessive heat.

3. Scalp folliculitis: Inflammation caused by bacterial infection of hair follicles—commonly by *Staphylococcus aureus*—appears as red bumps with itching and pain. Avoid squeezing the bumps. Follow medical advice to apply topical medications such as mupirocin ointment, fusidic acid cream, or compound polymyxin B ointment, and maintain a clean, dry scalp.

4. Seborrheic dermatitis: Inflammation due to abnormal sebum metabolism, presenting as bumps with greasy scales and significant itching. Follow medical recommendations to use medicated products such as ketoconazole shampoo, selenium sulfide shampoo, or bifonazole solution. Maintain a light diet and reduce intake of high-sugar and high-fat foods.

5. Herpes zoster: Caused by reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, resulting in clusters of bumps on the scalp accompanied by severe itching or pain. Rest and isolation are required. Take antiviral medications such as acyclovir tablets, valacyclovir tablets, or famciclovir tablets as prescribed. For severe pain, additional neurotrophic medications may be used under medical supervision.

In daily life, choose loose-fitting, breathable cotton hats and avoid synthetic fabrics that may irritate the scalp through friction. Eat more foods rich in vitamin B complex, such as oats and nuts. Maintain regular sleep patterns and avoid staying up late. Proper scalp care can help relieve discomfort and promote overall scalp health.