What is the white substance that comes out when scraping the nose, and what should be done about it?

White substances appearing on the nose may result from accumulated sebaceous secretions, abnormal keratin metabolism, acne, rosacea, or seborrheic dermatitis. These conditions can be improved through proper cleansing and skincare, dietary adjustments, and medical treatments. If the white discharge increases, or is accompanied by redness, swelling, pain, or skin damage, prompt medical attention is recommended.

1. Accumulated sebaceous secretions: Overactive sebaceous glands produce excess oil, which mixes with dust and dead skin cells to form white sebum plugs, commonly found at the tip of the nose and on both sides of the nostrils. It is advisable to clean the nasal area with a gentle facial cleanser, perform regular deep-cleaning routines, and avoid excessive squeezing.

2. Abnormal keratin metabolism: Impaired skin cell turnover leads to a buildup of dead keratinocytes, forming white, flaky patches, possibly accompanied by rough skin texture. Use mild exfoliating products 1–2 times per week, followed by adequate hydration and moisturization to maintain the skin’s moisture-oil balance.

3. Acne: Hormonal fluctuations or bacterial infection cause follicular inflammation, blocking sebum drainage and leading to whiteheads (closed comedones), often accompanied by enlarged pores and mild local redness. Under medical guidance, patients may use topical medications such as adapalene gel, benzoyl peroxide gel, or clindamycin phosphate gel to alleviate symptoms.

4. Rosacea: Caused by vascular dysfunction and microbial infection, this condition presents with facial redness, papules, and pustules on the nose, from which white secretions may be expressed. Symptoms include flushing, burning sensations, and persistent erythema. Treatment under medical supervision may include metronidazole gel, azelaic acid cream, or oral doxycycline hydrochloride capsules to relieve discomfort.

5. Seborrheic dermatitis: Inflammation in areas rich in sebaceous glands leads to oily, flaky scales on the skin; scraping reveals white material, often associated with localized itching and redness. As directed by a physician, treatment options may include ketoconazole cream, tacrolimus ointment, or vitamin B6 tablets to improve symptoms.

Maintain good nasal hygiene by using gentle facial cleansers and skincare products. Avoid frequent squeezing or over-cleansing. Follow a light diet low in greasy and high-sugar foods, drink plenty of water, maintain a regular sleep schedule, and minimize skin irritation to promote healthy skin on the nose.