What are the adverse reactions of tacrolimus ointment?

Generally, common adverse reactions of tacrolimus ointment include local burning sensation, increased skin itching, erythema (redness), dry and flaky skin, and local stinging. Specific analysis is as follows:

1. Local burning sensation: During the initial phase of treatment, some individuals may experience a noticeable burning sensation at the application site. This is usually a transient discomfort that gradually diminishes or resolves within several days to one week after starting treatment, and is related to the drug's stimulation of cutaneous nerve endings.

2. Increased skin itching: A small number of users may experience worsened itching at the application site after using the medication. This does not indicate disease progression but rather results from initial skin irritation caused by the drug. Symptoms typically improve with continued use.

3. Skin erythema: Light red or red patches may appear in the treated area, often accompanied by mild heat or itching. These reactions are generally mild and do not interfere with continuing treatment. However, if the erythema expands or becomes darker, use should be temporarily discontinued.

4. Dry and flaky skin: With long-term or extensive application, some users may develop dry skin at the application site, sometimes accompanied by fine scaling. This is associated with the drug’s impact on skin barrier function and increased water loss.

5. Local stinging: Shortly after application, a few individuals may feel mild stinging or needle-like sensations at the treated site. This is typically a transient reaction that resolves spontaneously without special intervention.

Tacrolimus ointment should be used strictly according to medical instructions. Avoid applying it to broken skin or mucosal areas such as around the eyes, mouth, and nose. If adverse reactions persist or worsen, discontinue use immediately and seek medical advice. During treatment, maintain clean and well-moisturized skin and minimize external irritants to help reduce discomfort.