What could it be if a hard lump develops under the skin of the lower leg?

Generally, a hard lump under the skin of the lower leg may be caused by factors such as organized hematoma from trauma, nodules due to prolonged pressure, sebaceous cysts, lipomas, or ganglion cysts. Depending on the specific situation, patients can choose appropriate management methods such as conservative treatment, medication, or surgical intervention. Detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Organized Hematoma from Trauma

After a blow to the lower leg, subcutaneous bleeding may form a hematoma. If not fully absorbed, it gradually organizes and hardens into a firm lump. Apply warm compresses with a hot towel more than 48 hours after injury to promote local blood circulation—twice daily for 15 minutes each time—and avoid re-injury.

2. Nodule from Prolonged Pressure

Long periods of standing or wearing tight pants can continuously compress local tissues in the lower leg, impairing blood flow and leading to tissue hyperplasia and hard lumps. Switch to loose-fitting clothing, avoid prolonged standing, elevate the legs during rest, and perform gentle massage to improve circulation.

3. Sebaceous Cyst

Blockage of sebaceous gland ducts leads to accumulation of secretions and cyst formation, which feels firm and is prone to secondary infection. Topical antibiotics such as mupirocin ointment or fusidic acid cream may be used under medical guidance, along with oral cephalexin capsules. Once the infection is controlled, surgical excision of the sebaceous cyst can be performed.

4. Lipoma

A benign tumor formed by abnormal clustering of fat cells, usually firm with clear boundaries. If asymptomatic, observation may suffice. However, if the lipoma grows or becomes painful, seek medical attention for surgical removal. Keep the surgical wound clean and dry postoperatively.

5. Ganglion Cyst

A cyst forms near joints or tendons due to abnormal leakage of synovial fluid, feeling hard and often accompanied by mild tenderness. Follow doctor’s instructions to take celecoxib capsules or ibuprofen sustained-release tablets, and apply topical diethylamine diclofenac gel. In severe cases, surgical excision of the ganglion cyst may be necessary.

In daily life, protect the lower legs from injury and wear comfortable clothing to reduce pressure. Maintain regular作息 (sleep-wake cycles), avoid excessive fatigue, and engage in moderate exercise to promote blood circulation. Seek timely medical evaluation if the lump increases in size, causes pain, or breaks open, to ensure accurate diagnosis and proper treatment.