What should I do if flat warts recur after they've healed?

Generally, the recurrence of flat warts may be caused by temporary immune decline, impaired skin barrier, latent HPV infection, chronic local skin inflammation, or autoimmune diseases. It is recommended to seek medical attention promptly, identify the underlying cause, and follow a doctor's guidance for improvement through general management, medication, or other treatments. Specific causes are analyzed as follows:

1. Temporary Immune Decline: When staying up late, experiencing fatigue, or under high stress, the body's resistance decreases, making it easier for latent HPV virus to become active. Maintain a regular sleep schedule with 7–8 hours of sleep per night, avoid overexertion, improve physical fitness through exercises such as jogging or yoga, and increase intake of high-quality proteins like eggs and milk.

2. Impaired Skin Barrier: Frequent scratching, friction on the skin, or using irritating skincare products can weaken the skin’s protective function. Avoid scratching affected areas, use mild and non-irritating facial cleansers and moisturizers, apply sun protection when going outdoors, and prevent UV exposure from worsening skin damage.

3. Latent HPV Infection: Previous treatment may not have completely eliminated the virus hidden beneath the skin, leading to recurrence when immunity drops. Follow your doctor’s instructions to use medications such as recombinant human interferon α2b gel, imiquimod cream, or fluorouracil ointment. Cryotherapy may also be an option, using low temperatures to destroy wart tissue.

4. Chronic Local Skin Inflammation: Long-term inflammatory conditions such as eczema or dermatitis can continuously irritate the skin and reduce local resistance, triggering recurrence. First control the underlying inflammation by using prescribed topical agents such as hydrocortisone butyrate cream, desonide cream, or mometasone furoate cream. Once inflammation has subsided, proceed with targeted wart treatment.

5. Autoimmune Diseases: Conditions such as Sjögren's syndrome can disrupt immune function, allowing the virus to repeatedly replicate. Actively treat the primary disease and, under medical supervision, use immunomodulatory drugs such as hydroxychloroquine tablets, methylprednisolone tablets, or total glucosides of paeony capsules to stabilize immune function.

In daily life, avoid sharing personal items such as towels and basins to prevent viral transmission. Maintain a light diet, reduce consumption of spicy and irritating foods, and consume more fresh fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C. Keep the skin clean, avoid skin injuries, and minimize the risk of recurrence.