What causes an elderly person to suddenly develop a lump on the neck, and what should be done about it?

Generally, the sudden appearance of a lump on an elderly person's neck may be caused by localized trauma with hematoma, blocked sebaceous glands, cervical lymphadenitis, thyroid adenoma, or lipoma. Depending on the specific situation, improvements can be achieved through conservative management, medication, or surgical treatment. A detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Localized Trauma with Hematoma

The skin of elderly individuals tends to be loose, and after a neck injury, subcutaneous blood vessels may rupture and bleed, resulting in hematoma formation. Cold compresses should be applied within the first 48 hours to control bleeding, followed by warm compresses after 48 hours to promote absorption. Avoid pressing or irritating the area, and keep the head slightly elevated during rest.

2. Blocked Sebaceous Glands

Excessive sebum production in the neck region can lead to blockage of gland ducts, forming sebaceous cysts, which feel soft or slightly firm upon touch. Maintain cleanliness of the neck, avoid squeezing, wear loose and breathable clothing, and minimize local friction.

3. Cervical Lymphadenitis

Infections from the oral cavity or throat may spread to cervical lymph nodes, causing them to swell and become painful. Treat the primary infection site and take medications such as cefuroxime axetil tablets, amoxicillin capsules, or roxithromycin dispersible tablets as prescribed by a physician.

4. Thyroid Adenoma

A benign tumor formed by hyperplasia of thyroid tissue, typically firm in texture and moves with swallowing. Regular monitoring of thyroid function is recommended. Levothyroxine sodium tablets may be prescribed as directed; surgical removal of the adenoma is considered if the tumor is large.

5. Lipoma

A benign tumor caused by abnormal accumulation of fat tissue, usually soft with well-defined borders. If asymptomatic, observation is sufficient; however, surgical excision is indicated if there is a sensation of compression. Postoperatively, keep the wound clean and dry.

Daily care should focus on ensuring the safety of elderly individuals to prevent neck injuries, maintaining neck hygiene to reduce the risk of skin infections, and undergoing regular health check-ups to detect potential thyroid or lymphatic issues early. Immediate medical attention is necessary if the lump rapidly increases in size, becomes harder, or is accompanied by fever.