What are the differences between plantar reflex and Babinski sign?

The differences between plantar reflex and Babinski sign include variations in reflex type, examination method, response presentation, clinical significance, and applicable populations. Both are commonly used neurological examinations that require standardized procedures to ensure accurate results. If abnormal responses or accompanying limb numbness and weakness occur during the examination, prompt medical evaluation is recommended.

1. Different reflex types: The plantar reflex is a physiological superficial reflex, a normal inherent reflex activity in healthy individuals; the Babinski sign is a pathological reflex, which does not appear in normal adults and only emerges when the central nervous system is damaged.

2. Different examination methods: For the plantar reflex, a blunt instrument is used to gently stroke the outer edge of the sole from the heel toward the toes. For the Babinski sign, a blunt object is drawn along the lateral border of the sole up to the base of the little toe, then turned medially across the ball of the foot.

3. Different response presentations: A normal plantar reflex manifests as flexion (curling downward) of the toes with coordinated movement; a positive Babinski sign is characterized by extension (dorsiflexion) of the big toe and fanning out of the other four toes, indicating an abnormal pathological condition.

4. Different clinical significances: Abnormal plantar reflex often suggests peripheral nerve or lower spinal cord lesions; a positive Babinski sign typically indicates damage to the pyramidal tract and is commonly seen in central nervous system disorders such as cerebrovascular disease and spinal cord injury.

5. Different applicable populations: The plantar reflex can be assessed in all populations and helps evaluate peripheral nerve and spinal cord function; the Babinski sign is primarily used for screening central nervous system disorders in adults. Infants may show false-positive results due to incomplete development of the pyramidal tract.

Prior to examination, the subject should relax their limbs to prevent abnormal responses caused by tension. The examiner should perform the procedure gently to avoid excessive stimulation and discomfort. Regular monitoring of sensory and motor functions, maintaining a regular lifestyle, and engaging in moderate exercise are important for preserving nervous system health.